Materials Literature
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The interaction of water with extended defects such as mono- and diatomic steps at the MgO(100) surface is investigated through first-principles simulations, as a function of water coverage. At variance with flat MgO(100) terraces, water adsorption is always dissociative on mono- and diatomic steps, as well as on MgO(…
Legacy radioactive wastes arising from reprocessing of nuclear fuels in the UK are classified as intermediate level waste (ILW), which contain things such as aluminium and magnesium. Blast furnace slag (BFS) composite cements are used to encapsulate ILW. These cements have a high pH which is advantageous to limit the…
Abstract The non-centrosymmetric materials Zn(IO 3 ) 2 , Mn(IO 3 ) 2 , Co(IO 3 ) 2 , Mg(IO 3 ) 2 and β-Ni(IO 3 ) 2 have been synthesised by evaporation of nitric acid solutions of metal salts and lithium iodate. All these compounds are isostructural and their structures were characterised both by X-ray diffraction on…
Partial discharges measurements have been performed on 3.3 kV IGBT power modules. Results using both the normalized and a new proposed test are compared. The new test, allowing the detection of partial discharges in all the insulating materials, is detailed. Elementary defect patterns are used to distinguish the main…
A new method for preparing high bending strength porous silicon nitride ceramics with controlled porosity was developed using a pressureless sintering technique, using zirconium pyrophosphate as a binder. The fabrication process was described in detail and the sintering mechanism of porous ceramics was analysed by an…
Measurements of both electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power were used to monitor the equilibration kinetics of undoped single-crystal TiO(2) during prolonged oxidation at 1123 and 1323 K and p(O(2)) = 75 kPa. Two kinetics regimes were revealed: kinetics regime I (rapid kinetics), which is rate-controlled by…
The spatial dependence of the electron quasi-Fermi level (QFL) in the interior of dye sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells (DSC) under short circuit conditions can be inferred from calculations based on a diffusive electron transport model. The calculations predict that the difference in the QFL between the electrol…
We have investigated trace-element partitioning between clinopyroxene and silicic melts ranging from 62 to 69 wt% SiO 2 in piston-cylinder experiments at 1.1 GPa and 1145.1155 °C. Run products consist of diopsidic clinopyroxene (with 3.5 wt% Al 2 O 3 and ~1 wt% Na 2 O) coexisting with silicic, aluminous, and alkaline…
Abstract Acoustic and structural properties of x CaO · (1– x ) B 2 O 3 (0.2 ≤ x ≥ 0.7) glass system have been studied at ambient temperature. The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation for different compositions of calcium borate glasses were measured at 5 MHz at room temperature (303 K) using a pulse echo overlap method…
ABSTRACT: We investigated the inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by the biopolymer chitosan during abusive chilling of cooked ground beef (25% fat) and turkey (7% fat) obtained from a retail store. Chitosan was mixed into the thawed beef or turkey at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0…
We investigate in detail novel organic-inorganic hybrid liquid crystalline materials, the complexes of surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate clusters (SECs), using thermal, X-ray diffraction, and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses. The differential scanning calorimetry measurements reveal four phase transitions under heat…
The synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of new series of 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives (2a–f and 5a–f respectively) are reported. These compounds contain only one terminal flexible alkoxy chain, the other terminal substituent is a protecting benzyl group. All compounds of series 2 exhibit an enantiot…
The cut resistance of three high-strength yarns under tension-shear loading conditions was measured by pressing a knife blade transversely at a constant rate against a yarn gripped at its ends. The load-deflection relation and the energy required to cut through the yarn were determined for Kevlar (aramid), Spectra (po…
Postgrowth annealing was carried out on ZnO thin films grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. It was found from the scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements that the morphology of the thin films changed drastically after annealing. The as-grown thin films consist of fine nanosca…
A sample containing Pd nanoparticles deposited on TiO(2) was subjected to a series of different thermal pretreatments. The range of these treatments was selected to provide a palladium surface in a number of different states, including a form where TiO(x) overlayers had been formed. Experiments were conducted to deter…
Polycyclic compounds of acene series without radicals were added to the material of LDPE (low density polyethylene) film to investigate the roles of aromatic compounds in an increase in the breakdown strength (BDS) of the film. The additives used were naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene and pentacene (group A). Dc and…
Abstract Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) show great promise as new power generators with high efficiency. Decreasing the operating temperature is critically required for the further development of SOFC. This review introduces that oxide ion conductivity in the perovskite oxide of LaGaO3, which was found by our group. LaG…
A brief review of the physical properties of the rare-earth ferroborate family RFe3(BO3)4 is given. At high temperatures some of these compounds exhibit a first-order structural phase transition from the high-symmetry R32 to the low-symmetry P3121 modification. The temperature of this transition decreases systematical…
Nonconjugated fluorogenic amphiphilic polymers containing an anthracene chromophore exhibit fluorescence quenching in the presence of metalloproteins, although the binding of the polymer to proteins is not selective. The reason for this difference is that the possible conformational changes that protein binding could…
Hydrogen oxidation on Pt (111) surface is modeled by density functional theory (DFT). Previous DFT calculations showed too large O2 dissociation barriers, but we find them highly coverage dependent: when the coverage is low, dissociation barriers close to experimental values (approximately 0.3 eV) are obtained. For th…