Materials Literature
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The evolution of hydrogen and oxygen was studied on diamond electrodes containing approximately 10 21 boron atom/cm 3 . Voltammetry showed a wide potential window [−1.25 to +2.3 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)] without significant water decomposition. This window was much narrower for poor quality diamond film…
The pronounced increases in isothermal compressibility, isobaric heat capacity, and in the magnitude of the thermal expansion coefficient of liquid water upon supercooling have been interpreted either in terms of a continuous, retracing spinodal curve bounding the superheated, stretched, and supercooled states of liqu…
An investigation designed to display the intrinsic properties of perovskite manganites was accomplished by comparing the behavior of bulk samples with that of thin films. Epitaxial 1500 \AA{} films of perovskite ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{…
We develop a method which permits the analysis of problems requiring the simultaneous resolution of continuum and atomistic length scales-and associated deformation processes-in a unified manner. A finite element methodology furnishes a continuum statement of the problem of interest and provides the requisite multiple…
The main component of this program is a simultaneous representation of the unit cell and the calculated powder pattern. It allows the manipulation of the crystal structure by moving selected atoms of the asymmetric unit. The resulting powder pattern can be directly compared to experimental data in order to obtain reli…
Shape memory alloy has been considered as an actuator for applications that require low bandwidth, high force, and large displacement. Two factors have limited the usefulness of such actuators: hysteresis and bandwidth limitation. This paper considers the hysteresis phenomenon from a control point of view. We first co…
The tensile properties of polystyrene reinforced with short sisal fiber and benzoylated sisal fiber were studied. The influence of fiber length, fiber content, fiber orientation, and ben-zoylation of the fiber on the tensile properties of the composite were evaluated. The ben-zoylation of the fiber improves the adhesi…
A poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (80/20 w/w) polymer blend was studied by mechanical spectroscopy. Two relaxations can be distinguished: in the glassy state, a very large secondary relaxation in the range of 100 K to 325 K which results from the combination of secondary relaxations of PVC…
The published data on phase equilibria in the M–X–X' and M–Al–X ternary systems (M is a Group III-VIII transition metal, X, X' are B, C, N, Si) are surveyed. These systems provide a basis for the directed search for oxygen-free ceramic materials for various purposes. The phase diagrams for the ternary systems are pres…
Past work has shown that addition of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to polypropylene (PP) resulted in a significant reduction in the elongation at break and in the gate-region impact strength of injection molded articles. In this study, we report on the compatibilization of these blends with ethylene/propylene/diene…
Fire-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by combining this polymer with uncoated and surface treated forms of magnesium hydroxide filler and various elastomeric modifiers, with and without maleic anhydride functionalization. Mechanical properties of binary and ternary phase compositions differed sign…
Deformation and fracture processes of two types of modified polypropylenes (PPs) were investigated in situ by high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM, 1 MV) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One type of PP modified with ethylene–propylene block co-polymer rubber (EPR) showed a variation in particle size and inter…
Some materials exhibit thermoelectricity, a phenomenon not only useful for heating and cooling applications but also for power generation. In his Perspective, Tritt describes results reported by Sales et al . ( p. 1325 ) on a class of thermoelectrics called skutterudites. These compounds are promising higher performan…
The tensile properties of polystyrene reinforced with short sisal fiber and benzoylated sisal fiber were studied. The influence of fiber length, fiber content, fiber orientation, and ben-zoylation of the fiber on the tensile properties of the composite were evaluated. The ben-zoylation of the fiber improves the adhesi…
Size exclusion chromatography has long been the method of choice for characterization of polymers and polysaccharides. A chief impediment to this process has been the lack of suitable solvents for the polysaccharides with more intricate secondary valence bond networks, such as cellulose, chitin, and starch. To this ef…
We develop a finite temperature theory for the susceptibility and electrostriction of isotropic substances in which permanent electric dipoles are restrained from free rotation by elastic forces. All parameters are constrained by the measured susceptibility and elastic constants. When applied to polyurethane, the pred…
The central structural feature of natural proteins is a tightly packed and highly ordered hydrophobic core. If some measure of exquisite, native-like core packing is necessary for enzymatic function, this would constitute a significant obstacle to the development of novel enzymes, either by design or by natural or exp…
The fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) homotetramer has been destabilized by site-directed mutagenesis at the two different subunit interfaces. A double mutant aldolase, Q125D/E224A, sediments as two distinct species, characteristic of a slow equilibrium, with velocities expected for the monomer and tetr…
The effect of the structure and degree of faultness of the subsurface layer which appears during the abrasive mechanical treatment of KDP and KD<SUP>*</SUP>P single crystals on the value of their surface laser damage threshold was studied in this paper. It was shown that flattening of the relief polycrystalline layer,…
Interface microstructures of BaTiO3/LaAlO3 grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Interface dislocations in BaTiO3/LaAlO3 have been shown to be directly linked up with the 90° domain boundaries in BaTiO3. This association is a…