Materials Literature
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The magnetic coupling between doped Mn atoms in clusters as well as crystals of GaN has been studied from first principles using molecular orbital theory for clusters and linearized muffin tin orbital---tight binding formulation for crystals. The calculations, based on density functional theory and the generalized gra…
We describe theoretically the resonant optical excitation of a trion with circularly polarized light and discuss how this trion permits the read-out of a single electron spin through a recycling transition. Optical pumping through combination of circularly polarized optical $π$--pulses with permanent or $π$-- pulsed t…
Abstract Rigid polymer backbones have often been considered to be detrimental to the packing of mesogenic pendants, and polyacetylenes have generally been regarded as unpromising materials for light‐emitting applications. Our group, however, has succeeded in creating a series of liquid‐crystalline polyacetylenes with…
An accurate density-functional method is used to study systematically half-metallic ferromagnetism and stability of zincblende phases of 3d-transition-metal chalcogenides. The zincblende CrTe, CrSe, and VTe phases are found to be excellent half-metallic ferromagnets with large half-metallic gaps (up to 0.88 eV). They…
A designed hierarchical structure was made by self-assembly of nano-fibrils of mineralized collagen resembling extracellular matrix. The collagen fibrils were formed by self-assembly of collagen triple helices. Hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals grew on the surface of these fibrils in such a way that their c-axes were orien…
Summary We quantified the relationships between diatom relative abundance and water conductivity and ionic composition, using a dataset of 3239 benthic diatom samples collected from 1109 river sites throughout the U.S.A. [U.S. Geological Survey National Water‐Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program dataset]. This dataset p…
A mild, catalytic dehydrocoupling route to aminoboranes and borazine derivatives from either primary or secondary amine-borane adducts has been developed using late transition metal complexes as precatalysts. The adduct Me(2)NH.BH(3) thermally eliminates hydrogen at 130 degrees C in the condensed phase to afford [Me(2…
We report electrical manipulation of magnetization processes in a ferromagnetic semiconductor, in which low-density carriers are responsible for the ferromagnetic interaction. The coercive force HC at which magnetization reversal occurs can be manipulated by modifying the carrier density through application of electri…
Protein resistance of oligoether self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold and silver surfaces has been investigated systematically to elucidate structural factors that determine whether a SAM will be able to resist protein adsorption. Oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-, oligo(propylene glycol)-, and oligo(trimethylene glyc…
Abstract This article evaluates the influence of temperature on the sorption of gases in two isomers of polynorbornene. The subject polymers were stereoisomers with nearly identical bulk density and total free volume. Because of differences in the mobility of the polymer backbone, the isomers packed differently result…
Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different kinds of metals in the brucite layer were prepared and their anion exchange properties were studied batchwise. A nitrate ion-sieve property was observed for LDHs depending on the basal spacing of the brucite layer. The distribution coefficient of nitrate ion was…
Translational diffusion of tetracene and rubrene in bisphenol A polysulfone (Tg = 460 K) was measured using a holographic fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique. In the temperature range from 493 to 462 K, probe translation was diffusive and the translational diffusion coefficients varied from 10−…
Experimental and theoretical work has suggested that protein crystal nucleation can be affected by the separation of two metastable liquid phases with different local concentrations, or more specifically by critical density fluctuations. We measure the amplitude and correlation length of local concentration fluctuatio…
Abstract Ultrafine fibers of a laboratory‐synthesized new biodegradable poly( p ‐dioxanone‐ co ‐ L ‐lactide)‐ block ‐poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer were electrospun from solution and collected as a nonwoven mat. The structure and morphology of the electrospun membrane were investigated by scanning electron microscopy…
Abstract Comparative studies have been performed on the formation of surface relief grating (SRG) using an amorphous molecular material, 4-[di(biphenyl-4-yl)amino]azobenzene (DBAB), and a vinyl polymer containing DBAB as a pendant chromophore. It was found that SRG was formed more rapidly for the photochromic amorphou…
The dielectric data of glycerol compiled by Lunkenheimer et al. [Contemp. Phys. 41, 15 (2000)] are reanalyzed within a phenomenological approach on the one hand, and within mode coupling theory (MCT), on the other. We present a complete interpolation of the dielectric data covering 17 decades in frequencies. The cross…
Abstract EuO (Europium(II) oxide) nanocrystals are prepared under irradiation by means of an ArF excimer laser. The formation of EuO nanocrystals with the clear lattice fringes was confirmed by TEM image. The crystal growth was monitored by the emission spectra.
Abstract The particle size of EuS nanocrystals was gradually increased by addition of pyridine to the reaction mixture of europium metal and hydrogen sulfide in liquid ammonia. The size effect of EuS nanocrystals was found in the absorption spectra for the first time. The size effect on the magnetic properties of the…
The equilibrium as well as nonequilibrium phase behaviors of colloidal dispersions have been investigated using statistical-mechanical theories of fluids and solids in complement with the renormalization-group (RG) theory. It is shown that the osmotic second virial coefficient at the critical point of the fluid-fluid…
Titanium is a successful biomaterial that possesses good biocompatibility. It is covered by a surface layer of titanium dioxide, and this oxide may play a critical role in inhibiting reactive oxygen species, such as peroxynitrite, produced during the inflammatory response. In the present study, titanium dioxide was co…