Materials Literature
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The reaction of MoO3 and S at temperatures higher than 300 degrees C in an argon atmosphere provides a convenient and effective method for the synthesis of MoS2 nanocrystalline substances. MoS2 nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles have been obtained by the reaction at 850 degrees C under well-controlled conditio…
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on polyoxometalate building blocks with capping La3+ ions and bidentate oxygenated ligands have been obtained by reaction at room temperature of the [epsilon-PMo12O36(OH)4[La(H2O)4]]5+ polyoxocation with glutarate (C5H6O(2)(2-)) and squarate (C4O(4)(2-)) organic ligands. [epsil…
Tensile experiments of fully dense nanocrystalline structures with a mean grain size of less than 100 nanometers demonstrate a considerable increase in hardness but a remarkable drop in elongation-to-failure, indicating brittle behavior. However, dimple structures are often observed at the fracture surface, indicating…
Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements were made on thin-film and single-crystal TiO2 anatase using a two-modulator generalized ellipsometer. The TiO2 films were epitaxially stabilized on a LaAlO3 substrate in the anatase crystal structure using reactive sputter deposition. The films were highly crystalline, pos…
Empirically, the coercive field needed to reverse the polarization in a ferroelectric increases with decreasing film thickness. For ferroelectric films of 100 µm to 100 nm in thickness the coercive field has been successfully described by a semi-empirical scaling law. Accounting for depolarization corrections, we show…
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to study the interactions between stable free radicals and gold nanoparticles. The nitroxyl free radicals used were TEMPO, TEMPAMINE, and TEMPONE. Two sizes of Au particles, 15 and 2.5 nm in diameter, were synthesized to investigate the interactions with the…
Recently we investigated a nitrate-salt-mediated formation route of Co 3 O 4 spinel nanocubes with a uniform size of ca. 47 nm in aqueous solution at 95 °C ( J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107 (4), 926−930). In the present work, we examined various synthetic parameters of this new method. By varying reaction temperature and t…
Ultrasound was employed to increase the growth rate of bacterial cells attached to surfaces. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli cells adhered to and grew on a polyethylene surface in the presence of ultrasound. It was found that low-frequency ultrasound (70 kHz) of low acoustic in…
Intrinsically superhydrophobic foams with contact angles greater than 150° were prepared using a sol−gel phase-separation process. Hydrophobicity was built in by using organofunctionalized inorganic monomers and setting the conditions so that they were retained in the product. The materials were characterized by advan…
The force required to separate a carbon nanotube from a solid polymer matrix has been measured by performing reproducible nanopullout experiments using atomic force microscopy. The separation stress is found to be remarkably high, indicating that carbon nanotubes are effective at reinforcing a polymer. These results i…
The development of reliable, eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of nanoscale materials is an important aspect of nanotechnology. In this paper, we report on the use of an alkalotolerant actinomycete ( Rhodococcus sp.) in the intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles of the dimension 5–15 nm. Electron microsc…
Multiwalled carbon nanotube-supported Pt (Pt/MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared by both the aqueous solution reduction of a Pt salt (HCHO reduction) and the reduction of a Pt ion salt in ethylene glycol solution. For comparison, a Pt/XC-72 nanocomposite was also prepared by the EG method. The Pt/MWNT catalyst prepared…
The room temperature compressibility of one synthetic chamosite and two intermediate iron magnesium chlorites has been measured up to 87 kbar in situ using a MAX-80 multi-anvil press and synchrotron radiation. The Murnaghan bulk compressibility moduli range between 690 and 911 kbar. These values are much higher than d…
Na-cancrinite [ideal composition: Na 8 (AlSiO 4 ) * (OH) 2 * 8H 2 O] has been synthesized in a mixture of 1, 3- or 1, 4-butanediol and water either with direct reactants (silica sources: tetraethoxysilane, precipitated silica, alumina sources: aluminium sec-butoxide) or gels formed from tetraethoxysilane and aluminium…
The hydrophobin Sc3 from the fungus Schizophyllum commune assembles from the aqueous phase into ordered structures with substantially different characteristics depending upon experimental conditions. Under the first condition, a vortexing procedure widely reported in the literature, interfacial assembly yields highly…
Abstract The interaction of liposomes with biological systems is very complex but has bearing on most topics in liposomal drug delivery. In this chapter we will describe the various interactions occurring in biological systems and the factors that determine these interactions. Biological systems in liposome research i…
A thin magnetite film grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on MgO(100) was studied by nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) at grazing incidence geometry. We show that the NRS data yield more information about the shape of the directional spin distribution than M\"ossbauer spectroscopy, in which only the average angle with res…
Kochite, ideally Na 2 (Na,Ca) 4 Ca 4 (Mn,Ca) 2 Zr 2 Ti 2 (Si 2 O 7 ) 4 (O,F) 4 F 4 , is a new member of the rosenbuschite group from the alkaline complex of Werner Bjerge, East Greenland. It occurs in nepheline syenite as lath-shaped to acicular crystals in aggregates up to 0.3 × 1.0 mm. Associated minerals are nephel…
Single crystals of anhydrous uric acid ( UA ) and uric acid dihydrate ( UAD ) were grown from supersaturated aqueous solutions containing the fluorescent dye acriflavine neutral ( AN ), a two-component commercial mixture of proflavine ( P ), and its 10-methylated analogue acriflavine ( A ). During UA crystal growth at…
This paper describes a comparative study of polymers containing push−pull type azobenzene moieties in their main and/or side chains. The polymers were systematically designed and synthesized specifically for this work in order to investigate their photodeformation through the migration of polymer chains, which was ind…