Materials Literature
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper investigates engine performance with a stable emulsified fuel including frying oil, composed of vegetable oils discarded from restaurants and households. To reduce the oil viscosity, equal proportions of used frying oil and gas oil were mixed and emulsions of this blend…
Artificial (LaMnO3)m(SrMnO3)n superlattices, n/(m+n)=0.26, were grown with pulsed-laser deposition, and the superlattice period Λ was varied. Their structural characteristics were investigated using x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. When Λ&lt;ap (perovskite lattice parameter), bulk-like properties of La0.…
Sulfolobus solfataricus is a hyperthermophilic archaeon growing optimally at 80-85 degrees C. It metabolizes glucose via a novel non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff pathway, in which the reversible C(6) to C(3) aldol cleavage is catalysed by 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase (KDG-aldolase), generating pyruvate and glyc…
This letter reports on enhanced ferroelectric properties and lowered processing temperatures of a SrBi2(V, Nb)2O9 system with vanadium doping. The samples were prepared by reaction sintering of powder mixtures of constituent oxides. With partial substitution of niobium by vanadium cations (up to 10 at. %), the single-…
We have investigated the mechanoluminescence (ML) from Ca2Al2SiO7:Ce. The ML is clearly visible to the naked eye in the atmosphere. The luminescence integrated intensity is about 400 times as high as that of crystal sugar. The ML center has been identified as the Ce3+ ion from spectra of the ML and also from the photo…
Nanostructured carbon films have been grown at room temperature by supersonic cluster beam deposition. Due to a structure based on nanotube embryos and a porosity with grain sizes of a few tens of nanometers, these films have a highly accessible surface area needed for electrochemical applications such as supercapacit…
Experiments of various types on the metallic transition metal oxide compound LiV_{2}O_{4} with the fcc normal-spinel structure are reviewed. The low-temperature T < 10 K data consistently indicate heavy fermion (HF) behaviors characteristic of those of the heaviest-mass f-electron HF compounds. A crossover is observed…
A recent microstructural investigation of Osaka Bay clay sediments has revealed the presence of abundant microfossils, particularly in the marine layers, which appear to influence directly the microstructural framework of the sediments and eventually its geotechnical behaviour. The microfossils act as a structural com…
We study the finite-size and surface effects on the thermal and spatial behaviors of the magnetisation of a small magnetic particle. We consider two systems: 1) A box-shaped isotropic particle of simple cubic structure with either periodic or free boundary conditions. This case is treated analytically using the isotro…
We show that the asymmetric crystal environment of the V site in the ladder compound NaV$_{2}$O$_{5}$ leads to a strong coupling of vanadium 3d electrons to phonons. This coupling causes fluctuations of the charge on the V ions, and favors a transition to a charge-ordered state at low temperatures. In the low temperat…
It is clarified for the first time that solitons originating from the dipolar interaction in ferromagnetic nano-particle arrays are stably created. The characteristics can be well controlled by the strength of the dipolar interaction between particles and the shape anisotropy of the particle. The soliton can propagate…
Lattice-matched (Δa/a=0.09%) ScAlMgO4(0001) substrates were employed to grow single crystalline quality ZnO films by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. Extremely smooth surface represented by atomically flat terraces and half unit cell (0.26 nm) high steps and extremely small orientation fluctuations both in-plane (&lt…
This letter describes a technique for generating waves on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) patterned in bas-relief. The PDMS is heated, and its surface oxidized in an oxygen plasma; this oxidation forms a thin, stiff silicate layer on the surface. When the PDMS cools, it contracts and places the silicate layer under compre…
A thermotropic liquid crystal, 4,4′-dibutylazobenzene, added in a 1% weight proportion to thermoplastic materials, polystyrene (PS) and styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), gives, after molding the mixture at 150°C and 22 MPa, a new family of polymers with an improved resistance to sliding dry wear against steel as tested in…
The tensile deformation and fracture behavior of commercially available low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, having different molecular characteristics, was studied. Submitting samples to specific thermal histories controlled the morphological structure of these semicrystalline polymers. Phase-structure analysis of…
Polycarboxylic acids have been used as crosslinking agents for wood pulp cellulose for improving paper wet strength. Our previous research showed that low-molecular-weight polymeric carboxylic acids are effective in improving paper wet strength retention and reducing its flexibility. In this research, we compared two…
Jute yarns treated with MMA + MeOH solutions were irradiated either with Co-60 gamma source or with UV radiation. In gamma radiation, polymer loading of MMA (methyl methacrylate) onto jute increased quite substantially, but the strength of the composite decreases sharply after 15% polymer loading. The gamma-treated ju…
We have investigated spreading of superfluid $^{4}$He on top of polished MgF$_2$ and evaporated SiO$_{2}$ substrates. Our results show strongly varying contact angles of 0 - 15 mrad on the evaporated layers. According to our theoretical calculations, these contact angles can be explained by a spatially varying distrib…
Within the framework of mean field theory, we examine the phase transitions in Ising magnetic films and superlattices. By transfer matrix method, we derive two general nonlinear equations for phase transition temperatures of Ising magnetic films and superlattices, respectively. The equations can be applied to the film…
A model of elastic bounded diffusion is presented for the quantitative analysis of the dynamics of redox probes borne by the loose ends of linear and flexible polymeric chains terminally grafted to building blocks of a self-assembled construction. Experimentally, poly(ethylene glycol) chains bearing a ferrocene probe…