Materials Literature
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Abstract Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites as high temperature structural materials have been widely used in aeronautics and astronautics because of their remarkable mechanical, thermophysical, and tribological properties. For the deep investigation of carbon deposition mechanism, newly developed approaches of fast densi…
Radar measurements of New England thunderstorms have been combined with reports furnished by cooperative observers during three years. Echo tops in storms releasing hail of less than ¾-inch diameter were higher, colder, and penetrated the tropopause more often than tops of rain thunderstorms. The differences are even…
Abstract Carbon fibers are the reinforcement of choice for high performance (advanced) composites. The fiber and matrix properties determine the various mechanical properties in and perpendicular to the fiber orientation in composites. However, for a given matrix the carbon fiber surface properties determine the quali…
Abstract This article gives an overview of high‐resolution photoionization, photoelectron, and coincidence spectroscopies of inner‐shell excited species of increasing complexity ranging from atoms to nanoparticles. The development and the routine use of soft X‐ray techniques is intimately related to the spectacular ad…
Abstract Algal cell walls are composed of a diverse array of fibrillar, matrix and crystalline polymers interacting with various ions and water. The diverse array of cell walls exhibited in the various algal groups is a manifestation of ancient evolutionary origins and ecological pressures of modern earth habitats. Ce…
Switching over-voltages are a normal phenomenon when a transformer is energized. This transient is experienced when switching a service or propulsion transformer on board a ship. Under some special circumstances, the over-voltage levels experienced by the transformers may be exacerbated by system interactions and can…
The temperature dependence of the elastic moduli was estimated from ultrasound time of flight measurements performed on bulk metallic glasses of composition Zr63− x Cu24Al x Ni10Co3. Using the corresponding values at the glass transition temperature, the local atomic strain was determined. The obtained values for the…
We studied the gradient dependence of the effective viscosity for the diluted solution of the polystyrene in toluene under three concentrations = = 0.510 5 , 110 5 and 210 5 g/m 3 and for four polystyrene fractions with average molar weights = 5.210 4 , 4.410 4 , 3.310 4 and 1.810 4 g/mol, in the temperature range of…
Tropical countries like India with predominantly warm climates, face problems of excessive rutting in flexible pavements with bituminous wearing courses. In order to provide rut resistant wearing courses, Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixes, which are basically gap graded mix, characterized by high coarse aggregates, hig…
This work describes the physical characterization of hafnium aluminates prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and annealed at 1000oC during 60s in N2 or N2+O2(5%) and laser annealing at 1200oC during 1ms. Aerial concentrations of Hf, Al and O were obtained with the aid of Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RB…
The characteristics of post-metallization annealed TiO2 with various thicknesses on (NH4)2S-treated GaAs were investigated. The electrical characteristics of TiO2 films grown on (NH4)2S-treated GaAs were improved due to the removal of native oxide. The post-metallization annealing treatment can further passivate the g…
A model for early failure due to electromigration in copper dual-damascene interconnects is proposed. The model is based on analytical expressions obtained from solutions of electromigration stress build-up assuming slit void growth under the interconnect vias. It is demonstrated that the model satisfactorily describe…
Abstract Die exotherme chemische Umsetzung des Abgases verursacht in der monolithischen Struktur technischer Dreiwegekatalysatoren einen lokal und zeitlich variierenden Wärmeeintrag, der zu charakteristischen radialen und axialen Temperaturprofilen führt. Auf einem Motorprüfstand gemessene Temperaturprofile für statio…
Abstract Determination of eye absorbed dose during head & neck radiotherapy is essential to estimate the risk of cataract. Dose measurements were made in 20 head & neck cancer patients undergoing Co radiotherapy using LiF(MCP) thermoluminescent dosimeters. Head & neck cancer radiotherapy was delivered by fields using…
Magnetotunneling spectroscopy of resonant tunneling structures provides information on the nature of the two-dimensional electron gas in the well. We describe a model based on nonequilibrium Green’s functions that allows for a comprehensive study of the density of states, tunneling currents and current spin polarizati…
Physiochemical and electrochemical properties of sulfolane were tested for potential use as a solvent in lithium batteries. It is considerably less ignitable than solvents used in lithium batteries now. Its higher freezing point can be lowered by additives (Li salts and some other solvents) sufficienty below 0 °C. Due…
We present a systematic computational analysis of the complex, electromechanically driven surface dynamics of voids in thin films of face-centered cubic metals for 〈100〉-oriented film planes characterized by four-fold symmetry of surface diffusional anisotropy. The voids are located at an edge of the metallic thin fil…
Abstract We have investigated the C1s core level X‐ray absorption of bulk samples of C60‐peapods and double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) derived from either metallic or semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The clear cut separation of the different species unveils their distinct electronic van Hove s…
Characterizing the native ensemble of protein is an important yet difficult objective of structural biology. The structural dynamics of protein macromolecules play key roles in biological function, but the short lifetimes and low population of near-native states of the protein ensemble limit their ability to be studie…
We discuss the influence of mass and heat transfer on the morphologies of Al, Ti, and Zr nanochannel arrays during anodization process. When these metals are anodized, the nanopores are firstly formed at the metal surface, and the nonuniform distribution of mass transfer in the pores results in the increase of pore de…