Materials Literature
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Large aperture space telescopes are built with low F#'s to accommodate the mechanical constraints of launch vehicles and to reduce resonance frequencies of the on-orbit system. Inherent with these low F# is Fresnel polarization which effects image quality. We present the design and modeling of a nano-structure consist…
Long-wave infrared (LWIR) detector technologies with the ability to operate at or near room temperature are very important for many civil and military applications including chemical identification, surveillance, defense and medical diagnostics. Eliminating the need for cryogenics in a detector system can reduce cost,…
Raman and Brillouin scattering, and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), were used to investigate the pressure-induced collapse of the tetrahedral framework in quartz-structured and amorphous GeO2 through their inferred high-pressure coordination changes. For quartz-GeO2, an onset of vitrification is inferred n…
Theoretical analysis of high-energy-resolution x-ray optics, such as backscattering and four-bounce monochromators and analyzers, has been carried out using computer modeling within the framework of the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction. This analysis identifies several important techniques for the precise alignme…
In our previous design of virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors, the charge drift-lines can be terminated at the side surfaces before the carriers reach the collecting anode; this results in a loss of signal from the interacting events near the detector's edges. Here, we describe our new design for the anode cont…
We investigated the effects of doping on the photovoltaic efficiency in a GaAs reference cell, and in undoped, n-doped, and p-doped InAs/GaAs quantum-dot (QD) solar cells. We found that the photovoltaic efficiency of the undoped QD solar cell is almost the same as that of the reference cell. However, the efficiency im…
For high-performance low-cost applications based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and corresponding sensors essential properties of the applied semiconducting materials include solution-processability, high field-effect mobility, compatibility with adjacent layers and stability with respect to ambient condi…
The photoinduced electron transfer (PET) reaction between a phenoxy-boronsubphthalocyanine derivative and a series of triarylamine electron donors was investigated. A series of triarylamines ranging in oxidation potentials and number of redox centers were prepared to study the effect of triarylamine structure on the p…
Small globular proteins and peptides commonly exhibit two-state folding kinetics in which the rate limiting step of folding is the surmounting of a single free energy barrier at the transition state (TS) separating the folded and the unfolded states. An intriguing question is whether the polypeptide chain reaches, and…
Anthraquinone derivatives play a very important role in medicine as the basic unit for the design of medical drugs [ 1 ]. Anthraquinone is usually connected to sugars, amines, peptides, and others molecules forming specific combinations of chemical and biological activity. This group of compounds can be used as a pote…
The Calliope plant, a pool-type irradiation facility located at the Research Centre ENEA-Casaccia (Rome), is equipped with the 60Co γ source in a high-volume shielded cell. Calliope facility is involved in radiation processing research on materials (polymers and optical components) and on devices to be used in hostile…
Organic luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have been widely investigated due to their potential in dramatically decreasing the cost of collecting solar energy. We designed, fabricated organic LSCs at different sizes and characterized their optical and electrical properties. The output efficiency enhancement method…
Novel metallic nanopatterns integrated with semiconductor films form optical metamaterials that can enable enhanced absorption. When employed in photovoltaics, such integrated nanostructures may facilitate significant increases in power conversion efficiency. Here, we show that metal nanopatterns embedded within a sem…
Photovoltaic research has moved from popular solar cells, based on crystalline silicon substrates with thicknesses of around 250 μm, to the thin film structures saving large amount of the active material. The next generation of solar cells requires substantial increase of the energy conversion efficiency, which can be…
In this work, we studied the influence of heterogeneities, fluid properties, and infiltration rates on front morphology during two‐phase flow. In our experiments, a sand box, 40 cm × 60 cm × 1.2 cm, was packed with two different structures (either random or periodic) composed of 25% coarse material and 75% fine materi…
Substantially revised and updated, Computer Methods for Engineering with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition presents equations to describe engineering processes and systems. It includes computer methods for solving these equations and discusses the nature and validity of the numerical results for a variety of enginee…
Abstract In this study, we demonstrate how the intrinsic properties of a polymer can influence the electrical characteristics of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). OFETs fabricated with three batches of poly[2‐methoxy,5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyl‐octyloxy)]‐p‐phenylene vinylene (MDMO‐PPV) were investigated. The properties…
A series of dendronized-Ru(2) compounds were prepared using the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click reaction) between the terminal azides of azidopoly(benzyl ether) dendrons ([D(n)]-N(3), n = 0-3) and Ru(2) units bearing one or two terminal ethynes, Ru(2)(D(3,5-Cl(2)Ph)F)(4-m)(DMBA-4-C(2)H)(m)Cl with m =…
Abstract Mesoporous TiO2 (meso‐TiO2) is a promising photoelectrical nanomaterial for high dye‐sensitised solar cell (DSSC) performance, because its nanochannels offer a large internal surface area to allow for more dye adsorption. The interconnected grains facilitate rapid electron transport both within the meso‐TiO2…
It has long been known that thiol-terminated molecules self-assemble as commensurate monolayers on Au(111) surfaces. By spreading floating octadecanethiol monolayers on aqueous solutions of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and using x rays to reduce the gold ions as well as to probe the structure, we have observed the nuclea…