Damage-Resistant Brittle Coatings
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Fine structure of defects in radial nematic droplets
We investigate the structure of defects in nematic liquid crystals confined in spherical droplets and subject to radial strong anchoring. Equilibrium configurations of the order-parameter tensor field in a Landau-de Gennes free energy are numerically modeled using a finite-element package. Within the class of axially…
Radiation filters and emitters for the NIR based on periodically structured metal surfaces
The spectrally selective optical properties of wavelength selective radiation emitters and filters based on periodically microstructured metal surfaces were investigated. Metal surfaces were structured by the use of a holographic mask and subsequent etching processes. Due to the microstructure, thermally excited surfa…
Charge and spin ordering process in the mixed-valence systemLuFe2O4:Charge ordering
The charge ordering process in a mixed valence system ${\mathrm{LuFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental results using various types of diffraction techniques reveal the following unique features. (i) The system undergoes sequential transitions: $\mathrm{disor…
Nucleation of Hydroxyapatite Crystal through Chemical Interaction with Collagen
The nucleation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystal through chemical interaction with collagen was investigated. A collagen membrane was soaked in a supersaturated simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) solution with ion concentrations at 1.5 times that of normal simulated body fluid (1.0 SBF). A few carbonate‐containing HAp cryst…
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Low-Symmetry Tetranuclear Cubane-like Nickel Complex [Ni4(pypentO)(pym)(μ3-OH)2(μ-Oac)2(NCS)2(OH2)]
The tetranuclear [Ni4(pypentO)(pym)(mu 3-OH)2(mu-Oac)2(NCS)2(OH2)] cubane-like complex has been prepared, and its structure and magnetic properties have been studied (pypentO and pym are the deprotonated forms of 1,5-bis[(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]pentane-3-ol and 2-pyridylmethanol, respectively). The X-ray diffraction an…
Ultrasonic cavitation monitoring by acoustic noise power measurement
In this paper, a new tool is proposed to carry out acoustic cavitation monitoring and to have an overview of its effects in applications. After a brief review of the cavitation characterization techniques, it is shown that cavitation noise is a suitable and accurate indicator of the cavitation activity induced in a li…
Ca0.85Sm0.15MnO3:A mixed antiferromagnet with unusual properties
We establish a phase diagram for the electron-doped manganites ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sm}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $(0<~x<~0.15).$ The low-temperature insulating phase of $x=0.15$ is a mixed antiferromagnet with two long-range antiferromagnets, C-type (monoclinic) and G-type (orthorhombic), coe…
Magnetostructural effects and phase transition inCr2O3under pressure
We have successfully calculated the electronic and structural properties of chromia $({\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ in the local spin density approximation. We predict a transformation from the corundum to the ${\mathrm{Rh}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (II) structure around 15 GPa in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase a…
Optical studies of a layered manganiteLa1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7:Polaron correlation effect
Optical conductivity spectra of a cleaved ab plane of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ exhibit a small polaron absorption band in the midinfrared region over all temperatures. With decreasing temperature $(T)$ up to Curie temperature ${(T}_{C}),$ the small polaron band moves to…
Low-energy charge dynamics inLa0.7Ca0.3MnO3:THz time-domain spectroscopic studies
Direct experimental estimations of the low-energy (1.5--10 meV) complex dielectric constants spectrum and its temperature variation have been investigated for ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ thin films using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. At low temperatures, a clear Drude term emerges.…
Double-exchange-driven spin pairing at the (001) surface of manganites
Study of the (001) surface of the ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ system in various magnetic orderings points to a general occurrence: ${z}^{2}$ dangling bond charge---which is ``invisible'' in the formal valence picture---is promoted to the bulk gap and/or Fermi level region. Thi…
Synthesis and Characterization of Photoconducting Polyaniline-TiO2 Nanocomposite
Abstract A composite of polyaniline (PANI) encapsulating titanium oxide (TiO2) with nanometer size has been synthesized by in-situ emulsion polymerization. Particle dimensions have been measured and the nature of the association between the components have been observed using SEM and TEM techniques. The interaction be…
Densification and Mechanical Properties of B 4 C with Al 2 O 3 as a Sintering Aid
The densification behavior and mechanical properties of B 4 C hot‐pressed at 2000°C for 1 h with additions of Al 2 O 3 up to 10 vol% were investigated. Sinterability was greatly improved by the addition of a small amount of Al 2 O 3 . The improvement was attributed to the enhanced mobility of elements through the Al 2…
Chemical Compatibility between Silver Electrodes and Low‐Firing Binary‐Oxide Compounds: Conceptual Study
The chemical compatibility of silver electrodes and low‐firing ceramics has been considered, in terms of the existence of a tie line between silver (and/or Ag 2 O) and the binary oxide compound in the corresponding ternary phase diagram. The probability of the existence of the tie line is related to the conditions in…
Porous Silicon Microcavities for Biosensing Applications
Porous silicon microcavity resonators possess the unique characteristics of line narrowing and luminescence enhancement. The emission peak position is completely tunable by changing the properties of the central layer. Increasing the thickness of the central active layer introduces multiple narrow peaks in the lumines…
Microporous Honeycomb-Structured Films of Semiconducting Block Copolymers and Their Use as Patterned Templates
Two-dimensional honeycomb-structured films have been prepared using a new light-emitting rod–coil block copolymer. Carbon disulfide was used to drop-cast the films, during the cooling of which water droplets condensed on the still-liquid surface and organized themselves in a highly regular fashion. The resulting porou…
Microporous Polyoxometalates POMs/SiO2: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Organocholorine Pesticides
Microporous Keggin-type polyoxometalate materials were synthesized by incorporating H 3 PW 12 O 40 and/or H 4 SiW 12 O 40 into a silica matrix via a sol−gel technique. The silica-impregnated polyoxometalates (POMs/SiO 2 ) thus obtained are insoluble and readily separable porous materials with uniform micropores and hi…
Nonphotochemical, Laser-Induced Nucleation of Supersaturated Aqueous Glycine Produces Unexpected γ-Polymorph
Supersaturated aqueous solutions of glycine exposed to intense pulses of plane-polarized laser light at 1.06 μm unexpectedly crystallized into the polar γ-polymorph of glycine. Control solutions not exposed to the laser always produced crystals of α-glycine, the expected and most stable form. This result suggests a ne…
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Shape Memory Polymer Composites
In this paper we present results on the deformation of carbon fiber reinforced shape memory polymer matrix composites for deployable space structure applications. The composites were processed using resin transfer molding or a pre-impregnated (pre-preg) laminate press, with both satin and plain weave fiber architectur…