Materials Literature
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Sculptured thin films (STFs) are a new class of engineered columnar thin films in which their shapes can resemble oblique matchsticks, chevrons, multiple zigzags, S’s, C’s, helices, and even superhelices. They can have densities as low as 10%–30% of the bulk material and can be made of virtually any material. The orig…
We report that the first-order antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in the Ge-rich magnetocaloric compound ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{5}{(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.9}{)}_{4}$ is associated with a structural phase transformation from a high-temperature ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{5}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{4}$-type Pnma to a…
ZnO films were synthesized on GaAs substrates at different growth conditions by pulse laser deposition. High-purity (99.999%) oxygen was used as the ambient gas. The pressure of the ambient oxygen gas for ZnO film growth was varied from 20 to 50 mTorr, and the growth temperature from 300 to 450 °C. ZnO films showed ve…
Dense and porous polyHEMA hydrogels were synthesized by bulk and solution radical-initiated polymerization techniques. The morphologic analysis (SEM) of obtained hydrogels showed an amorphous dense structure for the samples obtained by bulk polymerization and a porous structure with non connected porous as a result of…
Cylindrical dental implants made of commercially pure titanium were analysed in four different surface finishes: as-machined, Al2O3 blasted with Al2O3 particles, plasma-sprayed with titanium beads and electrolytically coated with hydroxyapatite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis…
Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate [PLZT (9/65/35)] thin films were prepared by dip-coating on Si (100) or Si/Ti/Pt (100) substrates using a polymeric precursor solution and annealed at 650 °C for 3 h. Perovskite phase formation of the PLZT thin films and microstructure were analysed using XRD and SEM. Effects of Si (1…
A centnfugation method was developed to determine water holding capacity (WHC) of lignin, cellulose, pectin, whole locust bean gum (LBGW) and insoluble locust bean gum (LBGI) and was compared with the AACC method using cellulose, lignin and LBGI. WHC was found to be highest for LBGW>pectin>LBGI>lignin>cellulose. Solub…
We report measurements of the frequency-dependent complex shear modulus of semidilute F-actin solutions based on optical observations of the thermally excited motion of monodisperse tracer microspheres. Because the tracer spheres cause incident laser light to be strongly scattered, we determine their average motion us…
The radiant protective performance, thermal resistance, air permeability, and moisture evaporation of a series of fabrics made from aramid, modacrylic, polyimide, and fire resistant cotton fibers are evaluated in the laboratory. The radiant protective performance of single-layer fabrics is affected by the structure, w…
Specific heat measurements down to 0.5 K have been performed on a single crystal sample of a spin-ladder-like compound ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}({\mathrm{C}}_{5}{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ under magnetic fields up to 12 T. The temperature dependence of the observed data in a magnetic field belo…
We report a systematic study of the Mn 2p, 3s, and 3p core-level photoemission and satellite structures for Mn model compounds. Charge transfer from the ligand state to the 3d metal state is observed and is distinguished by prominent shake-up satellites. We also observe that the Mn 3s multiplet splitting becomes small…
This book presents the basic physics of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystals in a simple and transparent way. It treats both the basic and the applied aspects of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystal research, starting from the discovery of ferroelectricity in liquid crystals in 1975 and en…
The present study examined the effects of dry grinding, using ball‐milling, on the structure of reference well‐crystallized (KGa‐1) and poorly crystallized (KGa‐2) kaolinite powders from Georgia. Grinding produced a strong structural alteration, mainly along the c axis, resulting in disorder and total degradation of t…
Determining the optimal mode of delivery for doxorubicin is important given the wide use of the drug against many tumor types. The relative performances of bolus injection, continuous infusion, liposomal and thermoliposomal delivery are not yet definitely established from clinical trials. Here, a mathematical model is…
ZnO thin films were grown on silicon (100) by pulsed laser deposition. Highly textured crystalline ZnO thin films can be grown at 600 °C. The films were then annealed at 600 °C in oxygen. The effects of annealing on chemical composition of the ZnO films were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and R…
Thin films of inert, refractory materials are used in semiconductor interconnect applications as diffusion barriers, seed, and adhesion layers. A typical example is the use of a thin, conformal Ta or Ti/TiN films on the walls of a dielectric trench or via which reduces or eliminates out-diffusion of the primary conduc…
Very large magnetic entropy change ?SM, which originates from a fully reversible second-order transition at Curie temperature TC, has been discovered in compounds La(Fe, Si)13, La(Fe, Al)13 and those with Co doping. The maximum change ?SM ? 19 J?kg-1?K-1, achieved in LaFe11.4Si1.6 at 209K upon a 5T magnetic field chan…
We present a method for modeling disordered solid solutions, based on the virtual crystal approximation (VCA). The VCA is a tractable way of studying configurationally disordered systems; traditionally, the potentials which represent atoms of two or more elements are averaged into a composite atomic potential. We have…
High real-space-resolution atomic pair distribution functions of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $(x=0.12,$ 0.25, and 0.33) have been measured using high-energy x-ray powder diffraction to study the size and shape of the ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{6}$ octahedron as a function of temperature…