Materials Literature
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Abstract Iron(II)-containing minerals are potential inorganic nitrate reductants in soils and sediments. Specifically, synthetic green rust (Fe 4 II Fe III 2 (OH) 12 SO 4 . y H 2 O, GR) reduces nitrate to ammonium. The reaction of GR with two different nitrate salts, NaNO 3 and Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , has been compared. The rea…
Considerable progress has been made using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and tunneling spectroscopy (STS) to examine the atomic structures and properties of transition metal oxide surfaces. The surfaces are found to be very sensitive to thermochemical history; consequently a large variety of surface structures ha…
Effects of different salts (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, GdmCl, NaBr, NaClO4, NaH2PO4, Na2SO4) on the stability of the ubiquitin molecule at pH 2.0 have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, circular dichroism, and Tyr fluorescence spectroscopies. It is shown that all of the salts studied significantly increase th…
Electroabsorption or Stark effect spectroscopy has been applied to a pair of porphyrin-based chromophores with the aim of deriving a detailed understanding of the origin of the remarkable first hyperpolarizability, β, of one of the chromophores: [5-[[4‘-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethynyl]-15-[(4‘‘-nitrophenyl)ethynyl]-10,2…
Thermodynamic data, together with equilibria involving 1‐ H ‐benzotriazole (BTAH) and cuprous benzotriazole species (CuBTA), have been used to construct aqueous E ‐pH diagrams for and systems. The diagrams are the first of their kind for BTAH‐containing solutions and show the domains of stability of the CuBTA salt. Th…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTArchitectural Copolymers: Rod-Shaped, Cylindrical DendrimersR. Yin, Y. Zhu, D. A. Tomalia, and H. IbukiView Author Information Michigan Molecular Institute 1910 W. St. Andrews Road Midland, Michigan 48640 Biochemistry Department, Unitika Ltd. R&D Center 23 Kozakura, Uj…
Dense, periodic arrays of holes and troughs have been fabricated in silicon, silicon nitride, and germanium. The holes are approximately 20 nanometers (nm) wide, 20 nm deep, spaced 40 nm apart, and uniformly patterned with 3×1012 holes on a three inch wafer. To access this length scale, self-assembling resists were sy…
ABSTRACT Films were cast from heated, alkaline aqueous solutions of soy protein (5 g/100 mL water) and glycerin (50% w/w of protein). Control and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated (13.0, 25.9,38.9, 51.8, 77.8, or 103.7 J/m 2 ) films were evaluated for tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), water vapor permeability…
Mechanisms of photoexpansion in chalcogenide glasses have been studied in three respects. A detailed x-ray investigation of ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ shows that the photoexpansion can be connected with asymmetric broadening of the first sharp diffraction peak. Comparison between radiation-induced volume chan…
Despite intensive research on the encapsulation of metal nanoparticles into carbon clusters deposited by arc discharge, the detailed pathways of the formation of these novel forms of materials remain unclear. The growth of a rich variety of morphologies is not well understood. Studies are reported here on the growth p…
We characterize the time dependence of the frequency-dependent dielectric susceptibility of glycerol following quenches to low temperature. For quenches to temperatures not far below the glass-transition temperature, the spectral shape and position during equilibration closely approximate those of equilibrium spectra…
Bone marrow stromal cells, progenitor cells involved in repair of bone and cartilage, can potentially provide a source for autologous skeletal tissue engineering. We investigated which factors were required to induce in vitro differentiation of avian bone marrow stromal cells into three-dimensional cartilaginous and b…
The synthesis and reactivity of a wide range of titanium benzamidinates is described. Addition of 0.5 equiv of Me 2 Mg to the dichloride L 2 TiCl 2 (L = PhC(NSiMe 3 ) 2 ) in Et 2 O yields the chloro−alkyl derivative L 2 Ti(Me)Cl in good yield. The addition of 2 equiv of PhCH 2 MgCl to the dichloride affords thermally…
Spider minor ampullate silk is a strong non-elastic deformably stretchable silk used in web formation. This silk from Nephila clavipes is composed of two proteins, MiSp 1 and 2, whose transcripts are 9.5 and 7.5 kb, respectively, as determined by Northern blots. Both MiSp proteins are organized into a predominantly re…
Surface-sensitive and polarization-dependent near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements clearly reveal a preferred in-plane and out-of-plane orientation of phenyl and C O groups at the surface of rubbed polyimide films. The unidirectional molecular alignment at the surface is argued to provide the…
We have done molecular-dynamics simulations of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}$ employing a semiempirical model. We present a phase diagram of the martensite-austenite transition temperatures as a function of the Ni concentration which is in good agreement with experimental observations. In addition…
The templated synthesis of mesoporous materials using surfactant templates has been known since 1992. The discovery reported here, that non-surfactant organic molecules, e.g., optically active organic compounds such as D-glucose, also act as templates for the formation of mesoporous silica materials with large surface…
Silane pretreatments were investigated as environmentally friendly replacements for the existing chromating processes. The objective was to compare the corrosion protection properties of various silanes. The corrosion inhibiting action of silane films on iron was examined in 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Coatin…
The films of random copolymers of ( R )-3-hydroxybutyric acid with different hydroxyalkanoic acids such as ( R )-3-hydroxypentanoic acid, ( R )-3-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, and ( S, S )-lactide were prepared by the melt-crystallized method at various crystallization temperatur…
The principles of crystal engineering have been used to design a family of structures with potential as octupolar nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. The major aim in such an exercise, a carry-over of molecular symmetry into the crystal, is possible with a retrosynthetic approach. An appropriate choice of precursor tri…