Materials Literature
按标题、摘要、年份、主题和来源检索公开元数据。结果保留作者、摘要、分类与原始来源链接。
A rough hydrophobic surface when immersed in water can result in a "Cassie" state of wetting in which the water is in contact with both the solid surface and the entrapped air. The sustainability of the entrapped air on such surfaces is important for underwater applications such as reduction of flow resistance in micr…
The self-assembly of nanocrystals enables new classes of materials whose properties are controlled by the periodicities of the assembly, as well as by the size, shape and composition of the nanocrystals. While self-assembly of spherical nanoparticles has advanced significantly in the last decade, assembly of rod-shape…
We study by molecular dynamics the interplay between arrest and crystallization in hard spheres. For state points in the plane of volume fraction (0.54 <or= varphi <or= 0.63) and polydispersity (0 <or= s <or= 0.085), we delineate states that spontaneously crystallize from those that do not. For noncrystallizing (or pr…
We have identified the cyclotron resonance response of the purest graphene ever investigated, which can be found in nature on the surface of bulk graphite, in the form of decoupled layers from the substrate material. Probing such flakes with Landau level spectroscopy in the THz range at very low magnetic fields, we de…
Metal nanocrystals are commonly used to mediate important chemical reactions such as water splitting and CO oxidation. To investigate such redox reactions in detail, it would be useful to be able to carry out electrochemistry on single metal nanocrystals. We report here that the surface plasmon resonance of a single g…
Engineering metamaterials with tunable resonances from mid-infrared to near-infrared wavelengths could have far-reaching consequences for chip based optical devices, active filters, modulators, and sensors. Utilizing the metal-insulator phase transition in vanadium oxide (VO(2)), we demonstrate frequency-tunable metam…
Graphene flakes with controlled thicknesses are isolated in solution using density gradient ultracentrifugation. These stable graphene dispersions are produced using the bile salt sodium cholate, which promotes graphite exfoliation and results in graphene-surfactant complexes having buoyant densities that vary with gr…
In many heterogeneous catalysts, the interaction of metal particles with their oxide support can alter the electronic properties of the metal and can play a critical role in determining particle morphology and maintaining dispersion. We used a combination of ultrahigh magnetic field, solid-state magic-angle spinning n…
We quantitatively investigate the size-dependent optical properties of colloidal PbS nanocrystals or quantum dots (Qdots), by combining the Qdot absorbance spectra with detailed elemental analysis of the Qdot suspensions. At high energies, the molar extinction coefficient epsilon increases with the Qdot volume d(3) an…
Every few years, a new material with unique properties emerges and fascinates the scientific community, typical recent examples being high-temperature superconductors and carbon nanotubes. Graphene is the latest sensation with unusual properties, such as half-integer quantum Hall effect and ballistic electron transpor…
This paper describes operational radiation protection issues specific to high-intensity accelerators, aimed at the radiological safety of high-intensity accelerators during construction and operation. The paper is composed of chapters on safety characteristics, radiological safety design and safety management systems…
With the expected increasing significance of hydrogen as a universal chemical and as an energy vector, its physical and thermodynamic properties are undergoing extensive investigation. To provide a basis of understanding for the themes covered in the remainder of the book, this chapter briefly describes the fundamenta…
The mechanism of Curie temperature ( T C ) elevation in BaTiO 3 –Ho 2 O 3 –MgO–SiO 2 -based X8R ceramics was investigated in terms of the variations in the lattice parameters of individual grains using convergent beam electron diffraction analysis. Three sintered samples with different values of T C depending on Ho an…
Abstract Successful realization of detonation‐induced h‐BN→c‐BN phase transition requires that a hydrolysis of BN by water from the detonation products is suppressed. For this two kinds of experiments for synthesis of c‐BN were attempted: using benzo‐trifuroxan (with no water in products) as an explosive, in 80% yield…
Chorismate mutase catalyzes a key step in the shikimate-biosynthetic pathway and hence is an essential enzyme in bacteria, plants and fungi. Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains two chorismate mutases, a secreted and an intracellular one, the latter of which (MtCM; Rv0948c; 90 amino-acid residues; 10 kDa) is the subjec…
We report the Hall resistivity, ρ(xy), of polycrystalline SmFeAsO(1-x)F(x) for four different fluorine concentrations from the onset of superconductivity through the collapse of the structural phase transition. For the two more highly doped samples, ρ(xy) is linear in magnetic field up to 50 T with only weak temperatu…
a - and b -axis-oriented (Bi 4- x Nd x )Ti 3 O 12 (BNT; x = 0.5–1.0) films with 0.3 and 3.0 µm thicknesses, respectively, were fabricated on conductive IrO 2 (101)/Al 2 O 3 (012) substrates at 650 °C by high-temperature sputtering. The BNT films on the IrO 2 electrode were preferentially a - and b -axis-oriented. The…
The effects of MnO 2 doping on the microstructure and phase transition of ferroelectric CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CBT) ceramics with x mol % of MnO 2 (CBT– x M; x = 0, 1, 3) have been studied. The single-phase crystal structure and the plate-like grain morphology are clearly observed for all compositions, while extended grain…
The dielectric and thermal properties of perovskite-related CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 single crystals were studied at high temperatures. A dielectric anomaly was confirmed at T 1 =726 K, while it was previously reported to be 732 K for ceramic samples. With increasing temperature, the dielectric constant ε shows a shoulder-lik…
A typical kind of antiferroelectric (AFE) thin films with the composition of (Pb 0.97 La 0.02 )(Zr 0.95 Ti 0.05 )O 3 (PLZT) were successfully fabricated on the platinum‐buffered silicon substrates through the modified sol–gel method. X‐ray diffractometer results indicated that PLZT films possessed a pure perovskite st…