Materials Literature
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Electronic transport properties of quasicrystals are discussed theoretically. By means of ab initio linear muffin tin orbitals calculations, electronic band structure and corresponding Fermi surfaces of several quasicrystalline approximants are obtained. A criterion for distinguishing between metallic and anomalous tr…
Calculations of the magnetic entropy change $\ensuremath{\Delta}{S}_{\mathrm{mag}}$ and the magnetocaloric effect (i.e., the adiabatic temperature change) $\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{\mathrm{ad}}$ in ${\mathrm{DyAl}}_{2},{\mathrm{ErAl}}_{2},$ and ${\mathrm{DyNi}}_{2}$ using a Hamiltonian that takes into account the effec…
Conjugates between cytochrome c (Cc) and colloidal Au particles have been prepared. These conjugates, purified by centrifugation/resuspension, provide a reproducible means of positioning a biomolecule analyte between two metal surfaces: the metal nanoparticle to which the biomolecule is bound and an aggregated Ag sol…
The introduction of a strong acoustic field to an aqueous solution results in the generation of cavitation microbubbles. The growth and collapse of these microbubbles focuses and transfers energy from the macroscale (acoustic wave) to the microscale (vapor inside the bubbles) producing extremely high localized pressur…
This paper reviews the methods and techniques developed to simulate dislocation dynamics on a mesoscopic scale. Attention is given to techniques of acceleration and to the implementation of special boundary conditions. Typical results concerning the deformation of a bulk crystal, the effect of image forces and the com…
A constitutive framework for the elasto-viscoplastic response of metals that utilizes polycrystal plasticity is presented together with a corresponding numerical integration procedure. The single crystal equations are written in an intermediate configuration obtained by elastically unloading the deformed crystal witho…
The high-temperature resistivity of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ thin films on various substrates ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3},{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3},$ and Si was investigated. We show that the intrinsic resistivity of high-quality epi…
Significant improvements in the fracture resistance of self‐reinforced silicon nitride ceramics have been obtained by tailoring the chemistry of the intergranular amorphous phase. First, the overall microstructure of the material was controlled by incorporation of a fixed amount of elongated ß‐Si 3 N 4 seeds into the…
This paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive experimental study to quantify the effects of strain rate on concrete compressive and tensile strengths. Direct compression and splitting tensile tests were conducted at quasi-static rates (between 10−7/s and 10−5/s) in a standard MTS machine to establish the “stati…
Transparent barrier coatings on polymers are receiving much attention in industry, for pharmaceutical, food and beverage packaging applications. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is among several competing techniques which can produce thin layers of inorganic glassy barrier materials. In this article w…
Abstract Wood‐fiber composites make use of cellulose fibers as a reinforcing filler in the polymer matrix and are known to have a lower material cost and a higher stiffness than neat polymers. However, the lower material cost and enhanced stiffness of wood‐fiber composites are achieved at the expense of other properti…
Epipelic diatoms are motile, the locomotive force being generated by the extrusion of carbohydrate‐rich exopolymers (EPS). Production rates of EPS, colloidal (water‐soluble) carbohydrates, and glucan (a photosynthetic storage product of diatoms) were investigated in axenic cultures, in sediments under laboratory condi…
Abstract A continuous extrusion process for the manufacture of low‐density microcellular polymers is presented. Microcellular polymers are foamed plastics characterized by a cell density greater than 10 9 cells/cm 3 and a fully grown cell size on the order of 10 μm. Previous research on continuous processing of microc…
Kinetics of polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) initiated with tin(II) octoate (Sn(Oct)2) in THF as a solvent at 80°C was studied. The results strongly indicate that polymerization initiated with Sn(Oct)2 proceeds on the tin(II)-alkoxide bond and are not compatible with a mechanism in which propagation was proposed…
The morphology and formation conditions of ordered hexagonal pore arrays in anodic alumina are discussed. The ordered arrangement of pores is shown to form by a self‐organized process starting from randomly distributed pore positions at the surface of the alumina. The influence of the pretreatment of the aluminum subs…
Radiation-induced microstructural and compositional changes in solids are governed by the interaction between the fraction of defects that escape their nascent cascade and the material. We use a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations to calculate the damage production efficien…
Abstract A method is proposed to systematize a number of structural modifications of BEDT-TTF (bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene)-based organic conductors and related materials. Analysis of actual crystal structures indicates that most crystal structures are constructed of two essential building blocks: “ring-over…
ABSTRACT The effects of acid (acetic, formic, lactic, propionic) concentrations, plasticizer concentrations, and storage time (up to 9 wk) on mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, and oxygen permeability of solution‐cast chitosan films were determined. Measured water vapor permeability coefficients ranged f…
Passive films formed on stainless steels in a borate buffer solution (pH 9.2) have been investigated by capacitance measurements and photoelectrochemistry. The study was carried out on films formed on AISI type 304 and 316 stainless steels and high purity alloys with differing chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents…
New types of microfibrillated materials (MM) from natural fibres such as wood pulp fibres, cotton fibres, tunicin cellulose, chitosan, silk fibres and collagen have been developed by a super-grinding method. The method consists of a unique, simple mechanical treatment which is designed to give shearing-stress to the l…