Materials Literature
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The electronic structure of the lowest excited triplet state of the vanadate ion is investigated by determining the polarization of the emission from the individual spin sublevels with optically detected magnetic resonance techniques in zero field at 1·3 K. In addition, the polarization of the total emission is determ…
A packed column approach was used in this investigation to determine pore volume and surface area distributions of several celluloses. Specific surface areas for Avicel PH 102, Solka Floc BW 300, and two size fractions of corn cobs that have been pretreated to remove lignin and hemicellulose were measured using this t…
Mie theory and geometrical-optics ray tracing are used to obtain the distribution of electric energy density inside a nonabsorbing micrometer-sized sphere illuminated by a polarized plane wave. The Mie solution shows the multiply reflected geometrical-optics rays inside a sphere having a diameter of ~ 150 free-space w…
Abstract Dielectric thin‐film guided mode scattering from a finite‐element periodic grating of circular wires or circularly curved metal strips is considered. An accurate solution method is developed and results of computations for the H case are given. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and point-probe electrical conductivity measurements of electrochemically protonated films of the emeraldine-base form of the conducting polymer, polyaniline are reported. The conductivity varies spatially, dependent on the size (L(M) \m=~\ 200 to 300 angstroms) of granular metallic…
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Conjugated polymers offer, in principle, the combination of polymer processibility together with interesting electronic properties. The feasibility of controlling materials to give structures with well-defined properties has provided an important focus for the experimental work. A decade or so since the first work on…
The elastic softening of grain boundaries is evaluated from the starting point of grain boundary energy. Several examples are given to illustrate the relationship between boundary energy and the extent of softening. In general, a high grain boundary energy is associated with a large excess atomic volume in the boundar…
The microstructural evolution during grain growth at large driving forces of an ultrafine-grained Ni–1.2wt%P solid solution (starting grain size of 7nm) is evaluated for the temperature range 473 to 873 K. It is shown that the material is thermally stable as a nanocrystalline structure up to 623 K. At higher annealing…
Transmission electron microscopy techniques are used to characterize the development of the polytwinned microstructures during Al → Ll0 ordering in FePd and FePt alloys. Also, Lorentz microscopy methods are used to image the magnetic domain structures which are associated with these magnetically modulated twin assem…
The effects of temperature and strain rate on dislocation glide at constant structure in nickel and nickel alloys are summarized in terms of their dependence on structure, making expanded use of a diagram introduced by Haasen. New results on the temperature and strain-rate dependence of the rate of strain hardening in…
The formation of metastable phases in non-equilibrium processing techniques is still not understood quantitatively. This is mainly a result of the lack of detailed information on kinetic constraints and the thermodynamics of the systems investigated. In this paper a thermodynamic approach for the interpretation of met…
The influence of annealing twin density on CSL distributions in f.c.c. materials is discussed. Geometric considerations are presented which show that as a consequence of both energetic and crystallographic constraints associated with twinning, a CSL distribution consisting entirely of low-Σ boundaries is attainable. C…
Abstract During the vulcanization of cis ‐1,4‐polyisoprene (IR) with thiruam‐related curing systems, dimethyldithiocarbamic acid (DMDCA) is formed as a byproduct, in the formation of either pendent groups or crosslinks. DMDCA is unstable, and decomposes instantly to Me 2 NH and CS 2 in the absence of ZnO. The facile r…
For pt.I see ibid., vol.3, p.7831 (1991). A recent theory of transport in ionic conducting glasses treats dielectric relaxation in a pair approximation at high frequencies, an augmented pair approximation at intermediate frequencies, and a cluster theory at low frequencies (below the alpha -peak in the imaginary part…
Structural properties and medium-range order (MRO) in calcium metasilicate (CaSiO3) glass are investigated at different concentrations of calcium oxide through the molecular dynamics technique. Calculations are based on the Born–Mayer–Huggins potential, and show that the experimental Ca–Ca partial structure factor, wh…
A TiN-encapsulated copper structure was made by annealing a Cu-10 at. %Ti alloy film evaporated on a SiO2/Si(100) substrate at 550 °C in a NH3 ambient. A fast heating rate (70 °C/min) to 550 °C can effectively suppress the formation of Cu3Ti and enhance the TiNx formation near the surface of the copper film. Oxygen in…
We used diffusing wave spectroscopy to determine the phase diagrams of binary mixtures of charge-stabilized colloidal particles of different dimensions in the low-screening limit. As the ratio of radii r=${\mathit{r}}_{1}$/${\mathit{r}}_{2}$ was increased progressively towards 1, the structure of the diagrams evolved…
We have used a scanning-tunneling-microscope tip as a source of both electrons and holes to study injection luminescence from CdS(112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0) surfaces cleaved in UHV. Band-gap radiation and emission from radiative deep levels are resolved in optical spectra. Isochromat photon-intensity…
We have calculated, by means of ab initio techniques, the equilibrium geometries, total energies, binding energies, and fragmentation energies for the clusters ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathit{n}}$, with n=2--8, in both the neutral and cationic states. The ionization potentials for the neutral clusters have also been calculated…