Materials Literature
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Abstract A white calcium bentonite (CaB) from the Kütahya region, Turkey, contains 35 wt. % opal-CT and 65 wt. 9c Ca-rich montmorillonite (CaM). Samples were heated at various temperatures between 100–1300°C for 2 h. Thermal gravimetric (TG), derivative thermal gravimetric (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA…
When pure alumina is sintered at 1620°C, normal grain growth occurs with equiaxial grains and curved grain boundaries. When 100 ppm of SiO 2 together with 50 ppm of CaO is added, abnormal grain growth (AGG) occurs with large grains elongated with straight grain‐boundary segments in the direction of the basal planes. S…
We examined the effects of the transparent fibroin film (silk film) on full-thickness skin wounds. Full-thickness dermatotomies (15 mm x 9 mm) were prepared on the dorsal wall of CRJ:CD-1 nu/nu (ICR nu/nu) mice. The area of the wounds dressed with silk film was reduced to 10% of that made by the dermatotomy 14 days af…
We present a first-principles study of the relationship between stress, temperature, and electronic properties in piezoelectric ZnO. Our method is a plane wave pseudopotential implementation of density-functional theory and density-functional linear response within the local-density approximation. We observe marked ch…
We performed a systematic analysis of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in single grain-boundary junctions formed in epitaxial ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ films deposited on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ bicrystals. For magnetic fields H applied parallel to the grain-boundary barrier…
The bulk density of graphitized ultradisperse diamond (UDD) was measured by a gamma-ray attenuation method at 1370–1870 K. These data combined with small angle x-ray scattering and true density measurements of the samples heated at various fixed temperatures were used to study the graphitization kinetics of the UDD. T…
The reproducible synthesis of metal–semiconductor core–shell nanoparticles consisting of 15 nm gold colloids homogeneously coated with a 10 nm layer of SnO2 is reported (see Figure). The surface plasmon band is drastically red-shifted from 521 to 542 nm. These materials display a high electrical capacitance and slow d…
T-modulated differential scanning calorimetry measurements on bulk ${\mathrm{As}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ glasses show that the glass transition temperature ${T}_{g}(x)$ variation at $x<0.12$ is linear with a slope ${\mathrm{dT}}_{g}/dx=4.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}/\mathrm{at}.%\mat…
We study the low temperature phase behavior of hydrogen within a bundle of carbon nanotubes. Because the carbon environment weakens the attraction between molecules within the same interstitial channel (IC), the ground state of the one-dimensional (1D) system is an uncondensed gas. When the screened attractive interac…
The reproducible synthesis of metal–semiconductor core–shell nanoparticles consisting of 15 nm gold colloids homogeneously coated with a 10 nm layer of SnO2 is reported (see Figure). The surface plasmon band is drastically red-shifted from 521 to 542 nm. These materials display a high electrical capacitance and slow d…
The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain A28 was able to kill the diatom Skeletonema costatum strain NIES-324. The culture supernatant of strain A28 showed potent algicidal activity when it was applied to a paper disk placed on a lawn of S. costatum NIES-324. The condensed supernatant, which was prepared by s…
We propose and analyze an effective free energy describing the physics of disclination defects in particle arrays constrained to move on an arbitrary two-dimensional surface. At finite temperature the physics of interacting disclinations is mapped to a Laplacian sine-Gordon Hamiltonian suitable for numerical simulatio…
Abstract Mining operations during the early 1990s at Uley Graphite Mine near Port Lincoln on southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, uncovered abundant nontronite veins in deeply weathered granulite facies schist, gneiss, and amphibolite of Palaeoproterozoic age. Two types of nontronite are present: a bright yellowi…
Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy and second-harmonic generation have been used to measure the orientational distributions of the polymer chains and adsorbed 8CB liquid crystal molecules on a rubbed polyvinyl alcohol surface. Results show that the polymer chains at the surface appear to be well aligned by rubbing…
Fluoropolymer surfaces with new and specific functionalities, such as metal-free conductivity, biocompatability, and bondability to metals, can be obtained through the intelligent choice of functional monomers for graft copolymerization on pre-activated fluoropolymer surfaces, as highlighted in this review. The Figure…
Silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel process in SiO 2 , TiO 2 , and ZrO 2 thin films. A versatile method, based on the use of coordination chemistry, is presented for stabilizing Ag + and Au 3+ ions in sol–gel systems. Various ligands of the metal ions were tested, and for each system it was p…
Formation of the nacre of a shell is mimicked here to synthesize layered polymer/calcium carbonate composites such as that shown in the Figure. The combination of insoluble chitin or chitosan solid matrices with soluble acidic macromolecules such as poly(acrylic acid) is used to induce thin-film crystallization of CaC…
Dicyanoaurate(I) and dicyanoargentate(I) ions undergo significant oligomerization in aqueous and methanolic solutions. The absorption edges of K[Au(CN) 2 ] and K[Ag(CN) 2 ] solutions undergo progressive red shifts with an increase in concentration up to near the saturation limits, whereupon total red shifts of 13.4 ×…
The magnetic structures of the hexagonal ${\mathrm{YMnO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{ScMnO}}_{3}$ oxides (space group ${P6}_{3}cm)$ have been studied by neutron-diffraction experiments on powder samples. This study has been complemented with magnetic susceptibility and specific-heat measurements. They confirm that ${\mathrm{Y…
We present a versatile density functional approach (DFT) for calculating the depletion potential in general fluid mixtures. For the standard situation of a single big particle immersed in a sea of small particles near a fixed object, the system is regarded as an inhomogeneous binary mixture of big and small particles…