Materials Literature
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Abstract This paper reviews the Polypropylene coating materials and systems available for high temperature applications, (up to +140°C for thermal insulation subsea and currently 110°C onshore). A number of interesting case studies are presented and papers are reviewed on coating failures. It also examines the selecti…
Abstract Microorganisms are able to drastically change the electrochemical conditions at the metal/solution interface by biofilm formation including bacterial consortia and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as the main components. The presence of biofilms generally facilitates the initiation of localized corros…
Abstract Within the Oil & Gas industry high strength tubing alloys category 13-5-2, group 1 steels are typically used in HPHT fields containing CO2 and small amount of H2S. The alloy application limits have not been fully defined with respect to parameters such as chloride concentration, pH, temperature and H2S partia…
Abstract Many tribological components are exposed to wear in a corrosive environment, these are usually structural elements, also supporting applied static and/or cyclic tensile loading. There are no research and test methodologies available for evaluating the multidegradation mechanisms of such complex degradation sc…
Abstract The pH stabilization technique is a widely used corrosion protection method for multiphase gas pipelines with glycol as hydrate inhibitor. It implies to increase the pH by addition of HCO3− in order to enhance the formation of protective iron carbonate films. The protection mechanism at ~20°C is of concern be…
Abstract Hump-SSRT tests of alloy 600(UNS N06600) have been carried out under simulated primary water and dry high purity hydrogen gas at the temperature ranging from 360 to 320°C. Inter Granular (IG) cracking is observed not only under simulated primary water but also under high purity hydrogen gas. Results show that…
Abstract The effect of an inert solid deposit on uniform CO2 corrosion of mild steel is modeled based on a mechanistic electrochemical CO2 corrosion model. Laboratory testing has shown that the dominant factors introduced by the inert solids deposit are related to surface coverage, where both anodic and cathodic react…
Abstract In wet gas transportation pipelines, condensation of water from warm and humid gas on cold pipeline walls plays a significant role in top of the line (TOL) corrosion. The CO2 TOL corrosion behavior of carbon steel under low temperature range and high condensation rate conditions was investigated in autoclaves…
Abstract The influence of the temperature of wet gas and the state of the thin liquid film on Top Of Line (TOL) CO2 corrosion of X65 pipeline steel was studied in a high pressure, high temperature autoclave designed to simulating water condensation in wet gas pipeline environment. The corrosion rate increased with the…
Abstract Offshore operations worldwide recently reported the presence of improperly heat treated 2205 and 2507 duplex stainless steel (SS) pipe fittings with varying volume fractions of embrittling second phase particles (such as sigma σ). Duplex SS plate and pipe samples were heat treated to generate levels of σ phas…
Abstract The formation of nickel-rich layers on austenitic stainless steels in strong caustic solutions was reported in 1970's. Recently, a more detailed study has shown the nature of the de-alloying process and established firm links with the other metal-environment systems that show de-alloying and associated stress…
Abstract Evaluation of metal-based structures has long relied on atmospheric exposure test sites to determine corrosion resistance in marine environments. Traditional accelerated corrosion testing relies on mimicking the exposure conditions, often incorporating salt spray and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and exposing t…
Abstract The performance of three corrosion inhibitors was investigated at 1030 carbon steel surfaces in the presence and absence of a sand deposit. Potentiodynamic measurements showed that the inhibition efficiency to mitigate corrosion reactions decreases in the presence of sand deposit. In contrary, the inhibitor p…
Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of construction alloys used for subsea applications was evaluated. Susceptibility to MIC of UNS S31603, UNS 31803, UNS S32750, UNS 31254, UNS N06625 and UNS N08825 was assessed by measuring the open circuit potential evolution in time, cyclic polarization tests, su…
Abstract Black powder, a mix of iron sulfides, oxides, and other material can represent a serious threat to the integrity of pipelines by plugging pipelines, eroding compressor components, plugging instrumentation and pipeline drips, preventing valid in-line inspection by In-Line Inspection (ILI) pigs, and causing dam…
Abstract This paper proposes a Finite-Element-Analysis-based mechanistic model to predict internal localized pitting corrosion rates of petroleum pipelines in sweet (CO2) production environments. In this model, the computational domain consisted of a hemispherical pit and a thin boundary layer of an electrolyte soluti…
Abstract Microbial influenced corrosion on different grades of carbon steel coupons used in pipelines were investigated in this study. Microbes were isolated and cultivated from oil well produced water samples, and immersion tests were conducted with these waters, microbes and coupons. Bacteria were identified with 16…
Abstract Nalco B Morrow Nalco This paper outlines the selection methods for the inhibitor chemical deployed and present the chemical returns profile from the 3 wells treated (some treatments lasting > 450 days) along with monitoring methods utilised to confirm scale control in the wells treated. The paper also explore…
Abstract Top-of-line (TOL) corrosion in large diameter wet gas pipelines in sweet (CO2) service has been reported as an issue in the oil and gas industry. TOL corrosion happens mainly in stratified flow regime, when corrosive water phase condenses at the top of a pipeline. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that…
Polymer nanocomposites represent a new class of material alternative to conventionally filled polymers. This new class of material is synthesized from a mixed polymeric matrix at a weak percentage with montmorillonites as inorganic charges. Their dispersion is facilitated by the organophilization of their structure by…