Materials Literature
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The diffuse scattering in the diffraction pattern of the icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystalline phase has been measured on an absolute scale by X-ray and neutron scattering on single-grain samples. Most of the diffuse scattering can be interpreted in the framework of the elasticity theory of icosahedral quasicrystals c…
The shear-induced self-diffusion and rheology of concentrated suspensions of noncolloidal hard spheres have been studied experimentally. The combined results provide an interesting physical picture. The projection of the trajectories of individual particles on the vorticity (z)–velocity (x) plane were determined throu…
A novel approach to model diffraction line shifts caused by elastic residual or applied stresses in textured polycrystals is proposed. The model yields the complete strain and stress tensors as a function of crystallite orientation, as well as the average values of the macroscopic strain and stress tensors. It is part…
Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of aggregates of tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin diacid (H 4 TSPP 2- ) excited near exciton absorption bands of 489 nm (J B band) and 421 nm (H B band) were recorded and analyzed, and RR intensities of the aggregates and segregated monomers were calculated with time-dependent resonant…
Silica gel modified with organic groups is widely used as a stationary phase for liquid chromatography. Grafting synthesis can be used to obtain stable modified silica gel surfaces. In this work, silica gel (10 nm of pore diameter and surface area of 320 m² g-1) was chemically modified with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysil…
This paper reviews our pseudopotential approach to study the electronic structure of semiconductor quantum dots, emphasizing methodology ideas and a survey of recent applications to both “free-standing” and “semiconductor embedded” quantum-dot systems.
The development of high-throughput crystallography combined with the wealth of already accumulated information about protein crystallization properties requires constant revision of current crystallization screening procedures. Two complementary 6 × 4 matrix `clear strategy screens' (CSS) have been developed and teste…
The electronic structure of undoped and nitrogen-doped tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) has been studied using high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission to determine the local bonding of the carbon and nitrogen atoms. We found that the carbon and nitrogen atoms are mainly sp3-bonded for nitr…
3D periodic microstructures of high-refractive index materials(see Figure), in particular the II–VI semiconductors CdS and CdSe, have been synthesized by electrodeposition through silica- or polystyrene-based colloidal assemblies. The highest refractive index contrast is achieved after removal of the silica or polysty…
The effect of heating rate on the sintering behavior and the piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics was investigated. Two different types of PZT (pure and doped with Nb 2 O 5 ) were sintered at 1150°C for 2 h with a wide range of heating rate (0.5°–100°C/min). The densification of pure PZT…
How fast does energy transfer along a conjugated polymer chain, and how fast between chains? A semiconducting polymer/mesoporous silica composite, which provides just enough space for one polymer chain per pore (see Figure), provides the answer through investigations of the polymer's luminescence anisotropy, with rema…
Two distinct channel systems are present in a polymer–inorganic nanocomposite, the structure of which is based on a bicontinuous plumber's nightmare (a regular array of completely interconnected tubes; see picture). Calcination at high temperatures leads to a metal oxide containing mesoporous silica-type material with…
We survey recent studies and present new data on the growth, interactions, structure and chemistry of gold deposited on TiO2(110) surfaces. The noble metal Au on TiO2(110) is a model system for weak interaction of a metal with an oxide substrate; it is also of interest because Au on TiO2 has unusually high activity as…
We study director structures of electrically-controlled cholesteric diffraction gratings (CDG's). The cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) is confined between two transparent non-patterned electrodes with either planar or homeotropic anchoring. In cells with planar alignment, the applied electric field causes reorientation…
A new plasma/catalyst continuously regenerative hybrid system (PCRHS) is introduced to reduce diesel particulate matter (DPM), NOx, CO, etc., contained in diesel exhaust gas. The catalyst temperature, plasma energy density, and exhaust gas characteristics were investigated with a passenger diesel car (2500cc) at the d…
To design nanocrystalline nanosystems, a theory for nanocrystals is needed which can be applied to nanocrystals with atomic-scale variations in composition, structure and shape. We present an empirical tight-binding theory for nanocrystal heteronanostructures. Electronic structure and optical absorption spectra are ob…
Several micro-techniques (confocal laser-Raman microprobe, optical absorption micro-spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis) were employed in the detailed characterization of radiohaloes in biotites from two Variscan rocks from Germany. The studied biotites are inte…
This paper is concerned with a phase-field model with temperature dependent constraint for the order parameter. In the kinetic equation of the order parameter, we take account of diffusion as well as the undercooled/superheated state which is modelled by means of a hysteresis input–output relation; the input is the te…
The influence of oxygen content on the magnetization and electrical resistivity of Ln0.5A0.5MnO3 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd; A=Ca, Ba) manganites with the perovskite structure is investigated. It is shown that the La0.5Ca0.5MnO3−γ compound undergoes a sequence of transitions from an antiferromagnetic (γ=0) to a spin-glass (γ=0.17…
A thermal gravimetric method was employed to explore the course of dehydration of Na2CO3 · 10 H2O, and Na3CO3 · H2O particles. Experimental data were amassed both in the temperature-increasing and constant temperature mode. Very small sample masses were used in an effort to eliminate an effect of heat and mass transfe…