Materials Literature
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Abstract To improve the solubility in organic solvent of chitosan, o ‐benzoylchitosan was synthesized by acylation with benzoyl chloride and then used in the reaction with 2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphospholane (COP) to prepare phosphorylcholine‐terminated o ‐benzoylchitosan (PC‐BCS). PC‐BCS had a structure with a phosph…
Abstract This paper presents laboratory/field results and lessons learned from a North Sea field where a novel emulsified scale inhibitor was deployed via bullhead squeeze treatments in four low water cut, sand screened wells. The field is a subsea development within the UK sector of the North Sea. These were the firs…
Abstract Hydrate formation can be a serious problem in many gas production systems. Large volumes of hydrate inhibitors (e.g., methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol as cosolvent) are often added to control hydrate formation. Such practice has an adverse effect on scale formation since the mineral…
Abstract Oil field scale treatments can become more difficult when working with deeper non-conventional wells. Inhibitor squeeze is generally the most efficient scale treatment technology. However, inhibitor squeeze treatment is based more on experiences than mechanistic understanding of how the chemical interacts wit…
Abstract The synthesis, characterization, and metal ion uptake studies of two chelating resins with multiple functional groups are reported. The chelating resins were synthesized by condensing a phenolic Schiff base derived from 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane and o ‐hydroxyacetophenone with formaldehyde or furfuraldehyde…
The axially coordinated complex of phenylazopyridine and a Zn-porphyrin/free-base porphyrin conjugate provides a switch for intramolecular energy transfer, with reversible complexation/decomplexation as a switching protocol.
Abstract The incompatibility of injected saline seawater and formation water is the primary cause of scale deposition in offshore developments. Many offshore oilfields are encountering problems with barium sulfate precipitation due to the mixing of sulfate-anion-rich seawater and formation brine with excessive amounts…
DNA and alkenyl pyrrole functionalized silicon surfaces allow for the formation of silicon/polypyrrole junctions. These junctions are spatially controlled by photolithography (see Figure) and selective photo‐assisted electro‐oxidation of pyrrole. This process shows promise for use in the development of molecular‐based…
Structure self-assembling in the late stage spinodal decomposition of a polymer blend at its critical composition has been explored by laser-scanning confocal microscopy with particular emphasis on the effects of confinement (dimensionality) and preferential wetting of solid surface by one of the constituent polymers.…
Polymers with metallo backbones and pendant alkoxy groups (see Figure) are intercalated into a conducting polymer system of polyaniline–camphor sulfonic acid (PANI–CSA). The use of properly designed self‐assembled, layered metallic backbones, which are compatible with anions and Lewis bases of the doped PANI, is shown…
Abstract Environmental stress crazing or cracking (ESC), a long studied phenomenon, is the brittle failure of glassy thermoplastics, which are normally ductile, under the synergistic action of stress and certain surface active agents. This work involves a study of a polycarbonate—oleic acid system under two novel in‐d…
Abstract Pure poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films with molecular weights 5,000, 72,000, and 125,000 g/mole were prepared by casting technique. The thickness of prepared samples was 0.21 mm. Xenon arc lamp was used to irradiate two samples from each molecular weight at 400 W for 5 min. One from each irradiated PVA samples…
Abstract The reaction enthalpy and reaction heat capacity of three aromatic epoxy–amine systems have been determined with modulated temperature diffential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), mostly in quasi‐isothermal conditions, over a wide temperature range (33–140 °C) and for different mixture compositions. The reaction…
Abstract The comparative study of the continuous ultrasonic devulcanization of various unfilled rubbers [natural rubber, styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM)] is carried out by means of a ultrasonic reactor. The power consumption, gel fraction, crosslink density, cure behavior, and ph…
Abstract Online Raman spectra, obtained at different points along the spin line during pilot‐scale nonisothermal melt spinning of high density polyethylene (HDPE) fibers, are presented for the first time. The fraction of the crystalline phase corresponding to each spectrum was determined from the normalized integrated…
A bifunctional capping ligand is used to obtain pyrrol‐functionalized monodispersed nanocrystalline TiO 2 (anatase) particles in a single step. The pyrrole functionalities in the shell are then (electro)chemically polymerized to create a polypyrrole (PPy)/TiO 2 hybrid nanocomposite film (see Figure). Further electroni…
Abstract Dendronization has previously been suggested as a means of controlling the level of intermolecular interactions in macromolecular and polymeric compounds. We therefore studied the spectral relaxation dynamics of dendronized and non‐dendronized polyfluorenes at different temperatures. Dendronization strongly a…
We have grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with controlled orientation and diameter (1−4 nm) from thermally stable, highly ordered mesoporous SiO 2 thin films by methane chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Controlled incorporation of an Fe precursor into one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) pore channels of mesopor…
Abstract The laboratory determination of scale inhibitor (SI) performance under field specific conditions using dynamic or static scale inhibitor tests provides an important method for determining minimum inhibitor concentrations (MIC's) for the inhibition of scale growth. This paper will discuss the ability of small…
Abstract Poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) films filled with different filling levels of CrF 3 and MnCl 2 have been prepared by the casting method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to study the changes in structure properties that occur due to filling. The changes occurring…