Materials Literature
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Applying a practical density-functional-based perturbation theory, we examine the phase behaviour of a model system interacting via a hard core plus a square-shoulder repulsion. For sufficiently narrow shoulders, the theory predicts coexistence between expanded and condensed isostructural (fcc) crystals, in quantitati…
Studies were performed to develop a sub-100 nm biodegradable colloidal system for the efficient delivery of drugs and diagnostic agents to the lymphatic system. Nanospheres of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) were prepared by interfacial polymer deposition. The nanospheres were coated with block co-polymers in order to modi…
We demonstrate improvement in fatigue resistance and other ferroelectric properties through cerium doping in sol–gel derived lead zirconate titanate thin films. We have studied frequency dependence of fatigue behavior and show that the loss of polarization due to fatigue follows a universal scaling behavior with N/f2,…
The excitation spectra of photo- and thermo-luminescence were compared in the VUV - UV spectral region in and scheelite tungstates. Temperature dependences of emission intensities and decay times were measured for in the 80 - 300 K range and approximated by a simple phenomenological model. The energy level structure o…
Optical nonlinearity of liquid crystals (LC) in the isotropic phase can be enhanced by 1 order of magnitude by dissolving 0.1% of anthraquinone dye in the LC. The enhancement decreases by $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ when the LC transforms into the nematic phase. The same guest-host effect also exists in non-LC liquids. It…
The microscopic dynamics of several phases of solid ethanol are studied under the same thermodynamic conditions by inelastic neutron scattering. It is found that the vibrational density of states of the orientational glass phase, where the molecules are arranged on an ordered lattice but with disordered orientations,…
Total energies, electronic structure, surface energies, polarization, potentials and charge densities were studied for slabs of BaTiO_3 using the Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (LAPW) method. The depolarization field inhibits ferroelectricity in the slabs, and the macroscopic field set up across a ferroelectric slab…
In this article, we have reviewed the recent progress of the experimental studies on ultra-thin films of graphite and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by using angle-resolved electron spectroscopy together with other techniques. The fundamental properties of these high-quality films are discussed on the basis of the dat…
In this work, we performed infrared spectroscopic studies of the reaction of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and metal oxides (ZnO, CaO, CuO, Cr2O3, and Al2O3). Factors such as the amount of metal oxide, reaction time, solvents, the kind of metal oxides, and temperature were also evaluated to derive the optimum condition for…
The answer to the question posed in the title of this paper is, “Sometimes yes and sometimes no; it depends on the specific case.” The use of the reciprocal of the cross-over modulus (actually 100,000/cross-over modulus, where the cross-over modulus has units of Pascal) as a measure of polymeric polydispersity [as det…
A new conducting composite of a secondary crosslinked interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) was first designed and synthesized by chemically incorporating a rigid conducting polymer within the flexible crosslinked network and forming the link between them. The new conducting composite produced with a low content of p…
Electroless nickel coated carbon fibers (ENCF) were blended with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) to prepare composites for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The effects of processing parameters, such as additives, temperature, and fiber loading amount, on EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) were researc…
Photopolymerizable diacrylate monomers dissolved in fluid-layer smectic A and smectic C liquid crystal (LC) hosts exhibited significant spatial segregation and orientation that depend strongly on monomer structure. Small, flexible monomers such as 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) oriented parallel to the smectic layer…
In situ neutron diffraction experiments show that at pressures above 2 kilobars, cubic zirconium tungstate (ZrW2O8) undergoes a quenchable phase transition to an orthorhombic phase, the structure of which has been solved from powder diffraction data. This phase transition can be reversed by heating at 393 kelvin and 1…
Hydrophilic nanoparticulate carriers have important potential applications for the administration of therapeutic molecules. The recently developed hydrophobic-hydrophilic carriers require the use of organic solvents for their preparation and have a limited protein-loading capacity. To address these limitations a new a…
Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of BaSO4:Eu Teflon discs (punched out from BaSO4:Eu Teflon sheet received from Nemoto and Co. Ltd., Japan) were compared with CaSO4:Dy Teflon discs (BARC make) of similar dimensions. The TL sensitivity of BaSO4:Eu discs was 5.8 and 11.0 times that of the CaSO4:Dy disc when they…
The equilibrium conditions impose nontrivial geometrical constraints on the configurations that a two-dimensional foam can attain. In the first place, the three centers of the films that converge to a vertex have to be on a line, i.e. all vertices are aligned. Moreover an equilibrated foam must admit a reciprocal figu…
The design of optical coatings is the commonly accepted term which meaning is quite unambiguous. On the contrary the term reverse engineering is often taken variously. The meaning of this term in the following is the determination of optical parameters and thicknesses of layers of manufactured optical coatings from th…
An analytic theory proposed in Ref. 1 [V. S. Sukhomlinov and É. N. Fafurina, Zh. Tekh. Fiz 65 (4), 9 (1995); Tech. Phys. 40 , 295 (1995)] for the backscattering of light ions by a solid surface is developed for the cases of multicomponent materials and materials in which the concentrations of some of its components va…
This paper presents experimental and theoretical results from an investigation of the excitation and propagation of converging pressure waves in cylindrical shells made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) producing spalling phenomena in the inner surface of the shell. It is found that fracture of the inner surface of a…