Materials Literature
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The effect of pressure on the low-frequency dielectric constant, $ε_0$, of single crystals of KNbO_3 is investigated by means of capacitance measurements. The dielectric constant increases with pressure up to 22.5 kbar, where it exhibits a large value ($ε_0$ = 5000), and then decreases. This change in its behaviour is…
The optimization of ultrasonic irradiation as an advanced oxidation technology can be achieved by adjusting the ultrasonic frequency and saturating gas during sonolysis. The sonolytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radical ( • OH) has been investigated at the ultrasonic frequencies of 20, 40,…
The exponentially strong damping of the conventional Friedel oscillations at elevated temperature T as well as due to disorder poses a severe problem to the Hume-Rothery (HR) stabilization mechanism of amorphous and quasicrystalline alloys. We show that quantum correlations induced by electron-electron interactions in…
We develop a microscopic scattering theory for the electromagnetic response of dielectrics. We derive the Lorentz-Lorenz relation for a hard-sphere fluid and for hard-sphere mixtures by summing rigorously the relevant class of multiple scattering events which incorporates particle correlations. The derivation neither…
An all-optical switch has been proposed based on photoinduced changes of an imaginary part of complex refractive index in a composite thin film made by silver and polymer thin films containing photochromic dye. Very fast switching on and switching off of a reading beam was demonstrated at the incident angle of guided…
The zero temperature phase diagram of the ferromagnetic Kondo model in one dimension is studied using numerical techniques, especially at large Hund coupling. A robust region of fully saturated ferromagnetism (FM) is identified at all densities. Phase separation between hole-rich and hole-poor regions and a paramagnet…
Seventy years ago, nearly all resources for the production of commodities and many technical products were materials derived from natural textiles. Textiles, ropes, canvas, and paper were made of local natural fibers, such as flax and hemp. Some of them are still used today. In 1908, the first composite materials were…
Polycarbonate (PC) blended with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) has the maximum notched Izod impact strength, which is 58 kg cm cm-1 for PC/ABS1 and 66 kg cm cm-1 for PC/ABS2, at a ratio of 80/20 in this study. We selected the ratio of 80/20 to prepare flame-retardant PC/ABS alloys. The compatibility of flame-re…
Soy protein isolate, soy fiber, and cornstarch (0–40% polyether polyol) were incorporated into a flexible polyurethane foam formulation. Stress–strain curves of the control foam and foams containing 10–20% biomass material exhibit a considerable plateau stress region but not for foams extended with 30–40% biomass mate…
The lyotropic L 3 phase was used as a template to form nanoporous monolithic silicates with continuously adjustable pore sizes. The monolith was optically isotropic and transparent with a nonperiodic network. The pore size was adjusted by a change in the solvent volume fraction rather than by a change of the surfactan…
In the present study, starch octanoates OCST1.8 and OCST2.7 with degrees of substitution (d.s.) of 1.8 and 2.7, respectively, and dodecanoate DODST2.7 (d.s. = 2.7), were prepared by esterification of native starch with fatty acid chlorides. Our analyses, including elemental analysis, FTIR, contact angle, DSC, and TGA…
In the pressure range 5-12 GPa the fractional valence of cerium is independent of pressure because of the coexistence of two or more structural phases. The observation of a single crystallographic structure in this pressure range arises from a non-equilibrium situation induced by the initial conditions of the high pre…
Presenting practical information on new and conventional polymers and products as alternative materials and end-use applications, this work details technological advancements in high-structure plastics and elastomers, functionalized materials, and their product applications. The book also provides a comparison of manu…
Abstract : This report is a comprehensive review of reversible metal hydrides for possible use as hydrogen storage and supply media for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. There is considerable interest in using fuel cells for submarine and other military power sources. First presented is a tutorial overview of…
The spin dynamics of the S=1 Ni-chains in mixed-spin antiferromagnets Pr_2 Ba Ni O_5 and Nd_x Y_2-x Ba Ni O_5 is described in terms of a simple Ginzburg-Landau Lagrangian coupled to the sublattice of rare-earth ions. Within this framework we obtain a theoretical explanation for the experimentally observed coexistence…
In ab initio pseudopotential calculations within density-functional theory the nonlinear exchange-correlation interaction between valence and core electrons is often treated linearly through the pseudopotential. We discuss the accuracy and limitations of this approximation regarding a comparison of the local density a…
The spontaneous polarization, dynamical Born charges, and piezoelectric constants of the III-V nitrides AlN, GaN, and InN are studied ab initio using the Berry phase approach to polarization in solids. The piezoelectric constants are found to be up 10 times larger than in conventional III-V's and II-VI's, and comparab…
Quasielastic light scattering (QLS) in the frequency interval 100–1000 GHz is measured in some polymers: polycarbonate, polybutadiene, polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate). To describe the spectra, a model of the fast picosecond relaxation processes responsible for the QLS, which is based on the damping of the b…
Vapor-deposited amorphous water ice when warmed above the glass transition temperature (120-140 K), is a viscous liquid which exhibits a viscosity vs temperature relationship different from that of liquid water at room temperature. New studies of thin water ice films now demonstrate that viscous liquid water persists…
We have measured the dielectric relaxation of the glass-former 1-propanol for temperatures between 65 and 350 K in the frequency range 10−2 to 2⋅1010 Hz and the photon correlation spectro-scopy decays near Tg. Attributing the strong Debye-type process of 1-propanol to distinct -OH group effects leaves two faster proce…