Materials Literature
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">The reaction mechanism in a NOx-trap type catalyst for a partial lean burn engine is discussed using a thermodynamic calculation approach. The thermodynamic calculation and catalyst characterization suggest the following reaction mechanism;</div> <div class="htmlview para…
Third-order nonlinear optical properties of chalocogenide glasses were investigated through third-harmonic generation (THG), optical Kerr shutter (OKS), and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) measurements. We examined the dependence of the THG susceptibility on the absorption edge, thereby showing that the susceptibil…
The effect of shear on a lyotropic lamellar phase is studied by the means of small-angle light scattering and direct microscopic observations. We found a complex behavior that can be described by a shear diagram. This diagram exhibits successively as a function of shear four different steady states. After a transition…
The fragment mass distributions of platelike objects are investigated by conducting two types of experiments. The first is a ``sandwich'' experiment in which thin glass and plaster plates are inserted between two larger stainless steel plates and an iron projectile is dropped onto the target plate at normal incidence.…
We present a microscopic analysis of the instability of the nematic phase to chirality when molecular chirality is introduced perturbatively. We show that for central-force interactions the previously neglected short--range biaxial correlations play a crucial role in determining the cholesteric pitch. We propose a pse…
X-ray diffraction studies on nanometer sized lead sulfide particles reveal the presence of a compressive strain. A number of samples with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 16 nm were synthesized using the three dimensional periodic, bicontinuous cubic phase as a matrix. Samples of the larger size particles could be ind…
We tried to design the magnet exhibiting magnetic pole (N and S) inversion by photostimuli. The magnetization of Fe1.5IICrIII(CN)6⋅7.5H2O was changed in a photon mode by visible light. A ferro-ferrimagnet (Fe0.40IIMn0.60II)1.5CrIII(CN)6⋅7.5H2O mixed by ferromagnetic (Fe–Cr system showing the change of magnetization by…
Using the recently proposed ``activation-relaxation technique,'' we develop a structural model for a-GaAs almost free of odd-membered rings, i.e., wrong bonds, having an almost perfect coordination of four. This model is found to be superior to structures from tight-binding or quantum molecular dynamics simulations. C…
Ab initio calculations predict that Be is a shallow acceptor in GaN. Its thermal ionization energy is 0.06 eV in wurtzite GaN; the level is valence resonant in the zincblende phase. Be incorporation is severely limited by the formation of Be_3N_2. We show however that co-incorporation with reactive species can enhance…
perovskites (R = rare earth) provide a remarkable opportunity to study the relationship between structural and physical properties since, by moving along the 4f rare earth series, the evolution of several transport and magnetic properties can be nicely correlated to the steric effects associated with the lanthanide co…
We have developed a novel cryostat in which glassy states of molecular substances are formed by deposition of their vapor on a cold substrate. The glassy samples are subjected to in situ inelastic neutron scattering experiments. By the use of this cryostat, the glassy state of propylene(CH2=CHCH3) prepared at 20 K was…
The process of microphase separation in diblock copolymer/homopolymer blends is studied both theoretically and experimentally for an asymmetric diblock copolymer and for homopolymer concentration less than 25%. The degree of polymerization of the added homopolymer (Nh) covered all possible cases; N≈Nh, N&gt;Nh, an…
The polymer segment distribution is shown to obey the Laplace equation for a suspension of small protein spheres and semidilute polymer. The depletion interaction is computed at all protein concentrations by introducing void distributions. Within a linear response Ansatz for the solution to the Laplace equation, the a…
We report the phase coexistence properties of polarizable Stockmayer fluids of reduced permanent dipoles |m0*|= 1.0 and 2.0 and reduced polarizabilities α*= 0.00, 0.03, and 0.06, calculated by a series of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations with the histogram reweighting method. In the histogram reweighting method…
Highly transparent and conductive polyaniline-cellulose acetate composite films were cast from m-cresol solutions of protonated polyaniline and cellulose acetate. The following polyaniline protonating agents were used: camphor sulfonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, dibutyl phosphate, and dioctyl phosphate. The films we…
We have used high resolution stimulated Brillouin gain spectroscopy to monitor the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics of supercooled glycerol near its glass transition temperature. After a temperature quench from 192.4 to 179.8 K, the Brillouin frequency shift increased over a period of 17 d from 16.877±0.005 GHz to 1…
We studied a two step process for lactic acid polymerization: in the first step, the lactic acid is condensation polymerized to a low molecular weight hydroxyl terminated prepolymer and then the molecular weight is raised by joining prepolymer chains together using diisocyanate as the chain extender. The resulting pol…
Calorimetric, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties have been measured on starch films with various glycerol/water contents. For calorimetric measurements, a continuous decrease in Tg was observed as glycerol increases from 0 to 25%. Mechanical properties exhibit a minimum of elongation at break for glycerol con…
The performance of high-voltage solid insulators that are used to bridge vacuum gaps is frequently limited by surface flashover. An important characteristic of the flashover process under DC conditions is that it occurs `spontaneously', namely without warning and any obvious external triggering agents. Significantly,…
and thin-film capacitors have been grown on (001) and MgO(001) substrates by off-axis laser deposition. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and pole figures have revealed the epitaxial growth of the and thin films. The films with metal electrodes show only weak ferroelectric properties. Using as electr…