Materials Literature
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A model for the solidification of multicomponent steels is presented and used to simulate the solidification of an austenitic steel. Assuming stationary solid phases, conservation of multiple species is considered simultaneously with the solution of the energy and Navier-Stokes equations, with full coupling of the tem…
The synthesis process and the formation mechanism of Al4SiC4 were investigated using Al, Si, and C as starting materials. Properties such as hydration resistance of the synthesized Al4SiC4 were examined. SiC and Al4C3 begin to form from about 800°C and 900°C, respectively. When the temperature is above 1300°C, both pr…
Frequent phase identifications of a large number of zinc panels exposed to different atmospheric conditions, both in national an international exposure programs, have revealed a variety of corrosion products. In order to extract basic information about the atmospheric corrosion processes involved, emphasis has been pl…
Description This comprehensive publication presents 16 international papers on atmospheric corrosion and corrosion testing. Provides an understanding of atmospheric corrosion concerns from the standpoint of economics, safety, and aesthetics, and what is being done about them on four continents. Topics include: • Corro…
Abstract Vh‐type crystals were prepared by precipitation in pure alcohol of amylose solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The respective influences of amylose chain length and final equilibrium relative humidity (E.R.H.) on the nature of transitions induced by moisture exchanges were studied extensively using X‐ray…
Abstract The recent growth in the post‐consumer recycling of plastics presents an opportunity for developing new, value‐added blend products from the recycled polymers. However, in order to develop blends with useful performance characteristics, suitable techniques of compatibilization and impact modification must be…
Hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites made of metal oxo-polymers (zirconium and neodymium oxo or dysprosium oxo species) linked to siloxane species [(CH3)Si–Oz.frac32;] exhibit luminescence. At low rare-earth-metal (M = Dy, Nd) concentrations, the emission lifetime is mainly governed by energy-transfer processes bet…
Doubt is cast in this article on the universality of the conclusion that linear bi-isotropic media have to be reciprocal, which claim has recently been set forth by Lakhtakia and Weiglhofer (see ibid., vol. 42, no. 9, p. 1715-6, 1994).>
Martensitic transformations which occur in Ti-45.5Ni-5.0Cu and Ti-44.0Ni-5.0Cu-1.0Al (at%) alloys were investigated by means of electrical resistivity measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscope observation. It was found that both the two alloys transform in two steps on cooling, i.e.…
This paper reviews the research of the author’s group at North Carolina State University over the last ten years in the field of metastable materials prepared by mechanical attrition. A brief historical perspective of the author on the beginnings of this sub-field is presented. Much of the research discussed is devote…
Over a HZSM-5 catalyst, the liquid-phase acylation of anisole with carboxylic acid gave the phenyl carboxylic ester at lower temperatures (< 403 K) while at higher temperatures (> 423 K) 4-acyl anisole was the predominant product.
The completeness profile is used to provide a visual assessment of the quality of one-electron basis sets. The approach is illustrated by examples of a number of basis sets for the carbon atom. New insight is gained regarding the superiority of spin density calculations using Chipman's basis sets. Keywords: One-electr…
Homogeneous and heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyzed copolymerizations are described by a novel dynamic mathematical model that considers the presence of multiple catalytic site types and mass and heat transfer effects on polymerization rate and polymer properties. Soluble catalysts are regarded as a special case of…
A theoretical framework is presented to describe the optical properties of polarizers produced by tensile deformation of semicrystalline polymers containing dichroic dyes.In the model it is assumed that orientation of both the host polymer and guest molecule occurs in the f f i e mode.The development of optical anisot…
SummaryThe composition of chromium free conversion layers on aluminium, based on zirconium has been determined using complementary surface analytical techniques: SEM, AES, XPS, SIMS. The zirconium based chromium free conversion layer consists of a two layered structure, with total thickness less than 10 nm, in which t…
Abstract
Bistable hydrogen bonds are shown to induce systematic displacements in arrangement of molecules or ions in the structures of ferroelectric crystals: methods of calculating the magnitudes of the displacements, and characteristic structural transformations on disordering of the H atom above ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$…
The degradation of liposomes in blood circulation is important in regulating the releasing rate of encapsulated compounds. In this study, the effect of liposome size--one of the principal determining factors in liposome disposition--on their degradation in serum/blood was evaluated quantitatively both in vitro and in…
The theory of the electro-optic effect and second harmonic generation is developed in the context of the linear Stark effect. This leads to an emphasis both on the optical bandwidth of the charge-transfer transitions responsible for the hyperpolarisability, and on the relationship between the transition energies and o…
Abstract The collapse of laser‐induced bubbles in water is investigated by high speed photography at framing rates as high as 20 million frames per second. The case of a spherical bubble in an unbounded liquid is compared with the Gilmore model. Bubbles collapsing in front of a solid wall show a rich dynamics dependin…