Materials Literature
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Abstract This work proposes a control configuration and a nonlinear multivariable model‐based feedback controller for the reduction of thermal gradients inside the crystal in the Czochralski crystal growth process after the crystal radius has reached its final value. Initially, a mathematical model which describes the…
Polyimides having pendant carboxyl groups were prepared by a direct one-pot polycondensation of 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) with 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABz) and bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone (m-BAPS) in the presence of a γ-valerolactone/pyridine catalyst system using N-methyl-2…
Abstract A detailed X-ray line broadening study in a ball-milled Ti sample is presented. It has been observed that ball milling leads to the formation of nanocrystalline grains and transforms partially to a fcc Ti phase after milling for 10 h. Milled samples show an inhomogeneous strain which increases with increasing…
We have studied the particle removal efficiency of HF-based cleaning mixtures used to clean wafer surfaces during semiconductor manufacturing. and metallic oxide particles can be easily removed from silicon wafers using a HF-based clean, whereas the removal of metallic particles and especially Si and polymeric particl…
This paper gives an overview of the synthesis and properties of various kinds of amphiphilic segmented copolymers in which at least one of the segments is a poly(alkyl vinyl ether). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BaZrxTi1−xO3 ceramics were prepared for x = 0, 0.05, 0.08, 0.15 and 0.20 using a solid-state reaction technique. The evolution of the Raman spectra with temperature was used to study the variation of the basic phase transition temperatures of BaTiO3 in these compositions. The tetragonal to cubic transition temperature…
Based on the present and developmental situations, the characteristics, alloying elements, types, and compositions, structures and mechanic behaviors of magnesium alloys are introduced. And the corrosion problems of Mg alloys and their methods of protection are detailed. Then the present and developmental applications…
Fracture toughness, fracture surface energy and crack initiation load of single crystal and polycrystalline SiC sintered with different additives were evaluated by Vickers indentation technique. Resistance to crack initiation and propagation in sintered SiC with Al2O3 additive was>sintered SiC with B and C additives>s…
The effect of hydrogen on the shear localization and associated crack nucleation has been investigated by means of a three point bending test of hydrogen-charged steels. The ductile crack growth resistance in terms of the slope of R-curve was lowered under the presence of hydrogen, the decrease being more pronounced i…
We report the first use of the Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) for the oxidation of an arylamine to an α-dione. The methodology is illustrated by the preparation of free-base and metal chelated porphyrin-α-diones in up to 52% yield by oxidation of 2-aminoporphyrins with the DMP. We also found that DMP could be used to o…
MCM-41 can be used in the same way as amorphous silica for the preparation of supported titanium catalysts; MCM-41 does not show clear advantages over silica in epoxidation reactions with either TBHP or H2O2; only in one case is a positive effect observed and this involves the recycled catalyst with H2O2.
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kay Hyeok An, Won Seok Kim, Young Soo Park, Hee Jin Jeong, Young Chul Choi, Jeong-Mi Moon, Dong J…
Attempts to make XLPE increasingly resistant to water tree growth have involved additives, which decrease hydrophobicity and make the XLPE more like EPR. EPS are evolving through improved processing, clay compatibilization, etc. to reduce losses while retaining the inherent water tree resistance. Thus in the end, the…
Six packings of symmetry-related cylinders, with cylinder axes in invariant positions (coordinates completely determined by symmetry), are described. Two have axes along <100> and four have axes along <111>. It is shown that there can be no cubic cylinder packing with axes along <110>. Earlier errors concerning the nu…
Two heterophasic reactor-grade propylene–ethylene copolymers (RAHECO®) were diluted with propylene–ethylene random copolymers to obtain materials with constant EPR/PE-particle diameter but various interparticle distances. According to the results of instrumented impact tests, brittle-to-tough transitions were found at…
The ruthenium phthalocyanine molecule has never been isolated as a single unit in the solid phase. Any attempt to obtain it leads to the dimeric form (RuPc)2 with a double bond between Ru–Ru atoms. Owing to the amorphous nature of this compound, its structural characterisation was previously investigated by LAXS (Larg…
Microporous molecular sieves can be synthesized under the high temperatures of 165–180 °C and high pH of 10–12.5, using surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template. It was found that various factors, such as temperature, alkalinity, Si∶Al ratio and the presence of a small amount of organic alkylammo…
Silver physical developers consist of silver ions and a reducing (developing) agent. They were formulated for developing latent images on photosensitive materials such as photographic emulsions. The mechanism of how the latent image nuclei catalyze the reduction of silver ions by a reducing agent to form black colloid…
The synthesis of tert-butylated dihydroxy and alkoxy benzenes from catechol, resorcinol and anisole, with MTBE has been carried out in presence of variety of solid acid catalysts. The current work dealt with the efficacy of various solid acid catalysts in the alkylation of substituted benzenes and MTBE. MTBE is a bett…
Electrochemical copolymerization of 2-aminodiphenylamine (2ADPA) with aniline (ANI) was carried out in aqueous hydrochloric acid by using cyclic voltammetry. In addition, cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the differences in electrochemical characteristics of the copolymer in comparison with the corresponding hom…