Solubility and solvation in mixed solvent systems
Abstract
Materials Literature
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Pile foundations in engineering practice
Types of Piles and Pile Materials. Piling Equipment and Installation. Soil Parameters for Pile Analysis and Design. Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations for Vertical Static Loads. Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations Under Lateral Loads. Pile Foundations Under Dynamic Loads. Analysis and Design of Pile Foundatio…
Large Barkhausen and Matteucci effects in FeCoSiB, FeCrSiB, and FeNiSiB amorphous wires
The mechanism of the sensitive and stable large Barkhausen effects of as-cast amorphous magnetostrictive wires having three composition systems was investigated using measured values of stress-induced anisotropy constant saturation magnetostriction, residual internal stress, and MH hysteresis loop squareness M/sub r//…
Kinetics and mechanism of the water-gas shift reaction catalysed by the clean and Cs-promoted Cu(110) surface: a comparison with Cu(111)
The structural sensitivity of the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction (CO + H2O → H2+ CO2) over metallic copper is addressed here by comparing its kinetics over the atomically clean Cu(110) surface with prior results for Cu(111). The surfaces were prepared and characterized with UHV surface analysis (AES, LEED, XPS), then…
Measurements of Kinetic Energy Loss for Particles Impacting Surfaces
Incoming and rebounding particle velocities were measured to within several particle diameters of the impaction surface using laser Doppler velocimetry. Impacts occurred normal to the surface and ranged from 1 m/s, near the threshold for particle bounce, to 100 m/s, well into the plastic damage regime. Monodisperse am…
Nomenclature of inorganic structure types. Report of the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Crystallographic Nomenclature Subcommittee on the Nomenclature of Inorganic Structure Types
Different degrees of similarity between inorganic crystal structures are defined concisely and examples are presented that illustrate their practical application. A notation giving the coordination of atoms is presented together with some basic rules for developing crystal-chemical formulae and the Bauverband descript…
Grain Growth in Sintered ZnO and ZnO‐Bi 2 O 3 Ceramics
Grain growth in a high‐purity ZnO and for the same ZnO with Bi 2 O 3 additions from 0.5 to 4 wt% was studied for sintering from 900° to 1400°C in air. The results are discussed and compared with previous studies in terms of the phenomenological kinetic grain growth expression: G n — G n 0 = K 0 t exp(— Q/RT ). For the…
Quantitative IR spectrophotometry of peptide compounds in water (H2O) solutions. II. Amide absorption bands of polypeptides and fibrous proteins in α‐, β‐, and random coil conformations
Infrared spectra of poly(D,L-alanine), poly(L-glutamic acid), poly(L-lysine), silk fibroin, and tropomyosin have been registered for various conformations of the polypeptide chain. Assuming additivity of the main- and side-chain absorption, spectral parameters of amide I and II absorption bands corresponding to alpha-…
Powder metallurgy of titanium alloys
The powder metallurgy of titanium alloys is reviewed for both the blended elemental (BE) and prealloyed (PA) approaches. The BE technique allows low cost processing with mechanical behaviour at ingot metallurgy levels except for fatigue performance; and this latter property can be raised significantly by use of low ch…
Basic Aspects of Electrochemical Impedance Application for the Life Prediction of Organic Coatings on Metals
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) applies well to surfaces having a high electrical or electrochemical impedance. The method is, therefore, particularly suitable for the early detection of the degradation of highly resistive protective organic coatings on metals. Initial application of electrical methods fo…
Electrochromic Materials for optical switching devices
Abstract The basic principles of electrochromism have been reported and discussed using the example of WO 3 , and some other important electrochromic materials have been described which have a number of interesting technical applications. Both compounds and materials used in ECDs were discussed and the principles of d…
Thermodynamic properties of silicate liquids with emphasis on density, thermal expansion and compressibility
In the last five years, there has been a significant influx of new data in the literature on all aspects of the volumetric properties of silicate liquids. Several studies report 1 bar density measurements on a variety of multicomponent silicate liquids (Lange and Carmichael, 1987, Johnson and Carmichael, 1987; Dingwel…
Study of Passive Films Formed on AISI 304 Stainless Steel by Impedance Measurements and Photoelectrochemistry
Mott‐Schottky plots and photoelectrochemical measurements were made on films formed at different potentials on AISI 304 stainless steel in a borate/boric acid solution, p H 9.2. The results allowed the determination of the semiconductive properties and band structure of the films, which account for the existence of tw…
Effects of alloying additions on Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys.
Fe-Mn-Si alloys are shape memory alloys which make use of the γ→ε stress-induced martensitic transformation. In this study, we report the effects of alloying additions on the shape memory effect (SME) of these alloys. It was found that the Ms temperature, the Neel temperature (TN) and the volume of stress-induced mart…
An improved approach to power losses in magnetic laminations under nonsinusoidal induction waveform
It is shown that it is possible to accurately predict power losses in ferromagnetic laminations under nonsinusoidal magnetic flux by specifically considering the dependence of hysteresis, classical, and excess loss components (P/sub h/, P/sub c/, and P/sub e/, respectively) on the magnetic induction derivative B. Basi…
Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microcapsules: problems associated with preparative techniques and release properties
Poly(lactic acid) [PLA] and its co-polymers with glycolic acid [PLCG] have been known to be biodegradable and histocompatible for the past 20 years. Their physico-chemical and biological properties have been found suitable, in many instances, for sustaining drug release in vivo for days or months. Several dosage forms…
A new type of interpenetration involving enmeshed independent square grid sheets. The structure of diaquabis-(4,4′-bipyridine)zinc hexafluorosilicate
Zn(4,4′-bipy)2SiF6·2H2O (4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) consists of two perpendicular and equivalent stacks of infinite, essentially square grid [Zn(H2O)2(4,4′-bipy)2]n2n+ sheets, which interpenetrate so that any particular sheet has an infinite number of perpendicular ones enmeshed or concatenated with it.
Cu-Content Dependence of Shape Memory Characteristics in Ti–Ni–Cu Alloys
Cu-content dependence of the shape memory characteristics in Ti–Ni–Cu alloys has been investigated by means of electrical resistivity measurements, differential scanning calorimetry and constant load thermal cycling tests. Transformation start temperature for the B19′ martensite, Ms, decreased largely, whereas that fo…
A new convergent approach to monodisperse dendritic macromolecules
A novel convergent approach for the synthesis of dendritic macromolecules is presented and its scope and versatility demonstrated with the synthesis of a series of monodisperse dendritic polyether macromolecules based on 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol as the monomer unit up to a molecular weight of 40 689.
Rigorous thermodynamic treatment of heat generation and conduction in semiconductor device modeling
A treatment of the self-heating problem is presented. It is based on the laws of phenomenological irreversible thermodynamics (e.g. Onsager's relations and conservation of total energy) and is also consistent with the physical models usually considered in the isothermal drift diffusion approximation. The classical iso…