Thermodynamic properties of binary lithium-zinc system
Activities of Li in molten alloys were measured in EMF studies by means of cells of the following scheme :
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Diffusivity and solubility of hydrogen and deuterium in yttrium
The diffusivity and solubility of hydrogen and deuterium in polycrystalline α-yttrium have been measured in the temperature range 1073–1373 K. The ratios of the measured diffusion coefficient of deuterium to that of hydrogen showed the classical value 1/√2. The activation energy of diffusion has been found to be 510 m…
Tin and solder plating in the semiconductor industry : a technical guide
Preface. Acknowledgements. Glossary of terms. Introduction. Basic electroplating. Surface preparation for plating. Plating operation. Plating process control. Plating quality assurance. Corrosion. Properties of tin, lead and tin-lead alloy. Tin plating. Tin-lead alloy plating. Plating quality problems. Chemical analys…
Kinetics of steel melting in carbon‐steel alloys
For the melting of scrap metal in baths with a high carbon content, in which the melting temperature lies below the bath temperature, a model is being developed which is based on the coupling of mass and heat transfer. It will be shown that the mass transport determines the melting rate only for very low bath temperat…
XPS Study on the Carbonation Process of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>
Intermediates produced in the carbonation process of a Ca(OH)2 slurry were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molar ratios of CO32- to Ca2+ of the intermediates, determined from the peak areas of Ca2p and Cls of XPS spectra, indicated that the rate of carbonation in the vicinity of the surface was…
11,11,12,12-Tetracyano-2,6-anthraquinodimethane (TANT) as a novel extensive electron acceptor
The title compound is prepared as a higher homologue in an extensively conjugated series of TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) and TNAP (9,9,10,10-tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane); its complexes with TTT (tetrathiatetracene) and HMTTeF (hexamethylenetetratellurafulvalene) are electrically highly conductive.
Corrosion and Protection of Metals: II. Types of Corrosion and Protection Methods
SUMMARYThe term corrosion covers a wide variety of types of surface attack and mechanism. Broadly, these may be subdivided into two categories, those associated mainly with the metal and those with the environment. In this second paper, typical cases of localised corrosion are outlined and are illustrated by examples,…
Electrochemistry and catalysis with vitamin B12 hexacarboxylate in an insoluble surfactant film
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry and catalysis with vitamin B12 hexacarboxylate in an insoluble surfactant filmChang Ling Miaw, Naifei Hu, James M. Bobbitt, Zhenkun Ma, Maryam F. Ahmadi, and James F. RuslingCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 1, 315–322Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publi…
On the Development of the Brass‐Type Texture
It is demonstrated that a number of the conclusions drawn by Singh, Ramaswamy and Suryanaryana (1992) in an investigation of the texture development in rolled austenitic steel are in direct contravention of various recent observations on the texture development in brass by the present author and coworkers. And it is d…
Effects of Mechanical Treatment on X‐ray Diffraction Line Broadening in Pyrophyllite
When pyrophyllite was subjected to mechanical treatment by dry grinding, the alteration was greater along the c axis of its structure because reflections from basal planes (00 l ) disappeared well before those from nonbasal planes, producing anisotropic X‐ray line broadening observed on grinding. X‐ray analysis showed…
The influence of pretransitional phenomena on blue phase range
The particular phase in which a liquid crystal system will exist is that which has the lowest free energy at a certain temperature. The free energy may depend on variables such as temperature, pressure, chirality, etc. One way in which the stability of a particular thermodynamic phase, relative to its neighbours, woul…
Wafer Temperature Dependence of the Vapor‐Phase HF Oxide Etch
When HF / H 2 O vapor derived from an azeotropic solution of HF / H 2 O was used to etch various oxides of silicon, the etch rates were found to have qualitatively similar dependence on the wafer temperature. However, the sensitivites of the dependence were found to vary greatly among the different oxides. Consequentl…
Calorimetric Study on Precipitation in Cu–Be Alloys
The specific heat (Cp) versus temperature (T) curves of aged Cu-7.8 and 9.3 at% Be alloys are measured in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy in order to study the precipitation process from a viewpoint of thermal stability of metastable phases. Heat absorptions due to the re-dissolution of G.P. zones, γ…
High Temperature Strength of TiB<sub>2</sub> Ceramics
High temperature strength of pressureless sintered TiB2 with Cr and C additives had been investigated. The bending strength was measured for temperatures between room temperature and 1400°C in air and in argon atmosphere. The bending strength was 385MPa at room temperature and increased from 560MPa at 800°C to 620MPa…
Review of φ(ρz) curves in electron probe microanalysis
Abstract Several workers have proposed different models for the ionization distribution function ϕ(ρz), involving features related to the interaction of electrons with matter, e.g. ionization cross‐section, stopping power, electron back‐scattering and mass absorption coefficients (MACs). A number of expressions have b…
Effect of pH on the Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate
The suspension hydration of coarse‐grained (0.07 m 2. g −1 ) tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) in relatively large amounts of water (1 g per 500 mL) was studied as a function of time (up to 48 h), temperature (10°, 25°, and 40°C), and pH (8, 10, 11, 11.5, 12). The pH of the solution was maintained with dilute HCl, and both…
Theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the mixed-sandwich complex (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)(.eta.6-benzene)iron and its cation
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the mixed-sandwich complex (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)(.eta.6-benzene)iron and its cationA. Le Beuze, R. Lissillour, and J. WeberCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 1, 47–55Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Public…
Application of luminescence techniques to probe surface–adsorbate interactions on oxide single crystals
Luminescence from semiconducting metal–oxide single crystals can provide important insights into the nature of the surface–adsorbate bond. This study examines cathodoluminescence from a zinc oxide single crystal and changes induced by adsorption and reaction of various oxygen-containing reagents on the (0001) Zn-polar…
Cobalt( II ) triazene 1-oxide bis(chelates). A case of planar (low spin)–tetrahedral (high spin) isomerism
High- and low-spin cobalt(II) trizene 1-oxide bis(chelates) have been isolated. The low-spin complexes possess square-planar structure whilst the high-spin complexes are tetrahedral. The molecular structure of high-spin [Co(OMeN3C6H4Me-4)2] has been determined: triclinic, space group P, Z= 2, a= 7.970(5), b= 10.174(5)…
X‐Ray Study of Strained CdTe Powders
Abstract Lattice strains have been produced in cadmium telluride by grinding for different durations. X‐ray diffractograms have been obtained at different stages of grinding. The lattice constants, particle size, lattice strain and Debye‐Waller factors have been determined. From the correlation between the strain and…