Materials Literature
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We have constructed a molecular beam mass spectrometer designed specifically to sample gases from a diamond chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process chamber thereby enabling characterization of the gas-phase CVD environment. With this in situ diagnostic technique we have obtained quantitative measurements of the compos…
A comparison is made of various ab initio methods, including density functional methods for the 3Σ+ and 1Σ+ states of TiC. The calculated properties are sensitive to the level of theory. The results with the LSDA and BPW91 density functional methods are in poor agreement with higher level calculations obtained at the…
The effect of UV-B on the occurrence of DNA damage and consequences for the cell cycle were studied in the marine diatom Cyclotella sp. DNA damage was quantified by immunofluorescent detection of thymine dimers in nuclear DNA of single cells using flow cytometry. A total UV-B dose (biologically effective dose BE(DNA30…
Ferrochelatase is a mitochondrial inner membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin, the terminal step in protoheme biosynthesis. The functional/structural roles of 10 invariant amino acid residues were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cere…
A previously proposed stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanism incorporating localized surface plasticity (LSP), crack initiation, and crack-tip embrittlement by anodic dissolution at film rupture sites is reviewed, together with new information supporting the mechanism. Externally imposed anodic dissolution currents…
This paper presents a complete FE formulation for the calculation of 3D nonlinear eddy current fields with ferromagnetic moving conductors. The formulation is realized by using the A/spl I.oarr/, V-A/spl I.oarr/ formulation in combination with the Coulomb gauge. To consider nonrectangular shapes of geometries tetrahed…
The self-diffusion of water in the nematic micellar phase of the cesium pentadecafluorooctanoate-water system has been studied by means of the $^{2}\mathrm{H}$ pulsed gradient spin echo NMR technique. The principal components of the macroscopic diffusion tensor were determined to high accuracy as functions of temperat…
Abstract Core observation, X-radiography, and scanning electron microanalysis of distinctly laminated, indistinctly laminated, and nonlaminated sediments from ODP Site 893 show that laminated as well as nonlaminated (i.e., massive) hemipelagic sediments can form in the absence of bioturbation. This view contrasts with…
This paper is a review of optical ordering processes in amorphous films containing photoisomerizable dye molecules. Photoinduced Anisotropy (PIA), Photoassisted Poling (PAP) and All-Optical Poling (AOP) are demonstrated through basic experiments and interpreted by a common theoretical model.
The homopolymerization of maleic anhydride was attempted at 190°C, during the melt-functionalization of polypropylene, either with or without organic peroxide using a Brabender plastograph. The free radical homopolymerization of pure maleic anhydride was also attempted either with or without organic peroxide, at 190°C…
We have applied the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) technique to characterize the systematic trends in the oxygen K edge and metal L edge features of powder materials of 3d transition metal oxides. In agreement with previous high energy electron energy loss spectroscopy data [L. A. Grunes et al., Ph…
The adsorption of CO on Pd particles supported on a thin alumina film has been studied employing high resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and of special interest was the CO–Pd interaction as a function of island size and CO coverage. CO saturation at 90 K leads to…
An overview is presented of data analysis methods that can be used in surface analysis, especially those that can be used in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The paper provides illustrations of the application of data analysis methods to real systems, and discusses practical problems that can arise when working…
Carbon nitride materials have been the focus of research efforts worldwide. Most materials studied have been amorphous, with only a few groups claiming to have found a crystalline material. We investigate the structure of amorphous carbon nitride solids produced by two different techniques: cathodic arc deposition and…
The interplay between the velocity and morphology of steps during the dissolution of the cleaved CaCO3(101̄4) surface in aqueous solution has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results were analyzed based on the terrace-ledge-kink model. Real-time AFM images show that, in the surface re…
Using a plasma-induced graft polymerization technique, which is well known as a surface modification method, the grafted polymer was formed in pores of the porous material. This study examined the filling mechanism. Five thin porous films were sandwiched together, and employed as the substrate. The substrate was treat…
Thin oxide films (e.g., 5–10 nm of SiO2, Al2O3, NiO, MgO) supported on a refractory metal substrate (e.g., Mo, W, Ta, Re) have been prepared by deposition of the oxide metal precursor in a background of oxygen. The thin-film nature of these samples facilitates investigation by an array of surface techniques, many of w…
By using a gastight electrochemical cell with flowing air as the reference environment, we were able to achieve an oxygen partial pressure as low as atm inside the cell. The conductivity of has been studied as a function of and temperature. It was found that in the high‐ range, interstitial oxygen ions and electron ho…
We report on a study of the morphology of (100) silicon surfaces etched in aqueous alkaline solutions. It is shown that the formation of pyramidal hillocks during etching can be influenced in two different ways: by the presence of an oxidizing agent (ferricyanide or oxygen) in the etchant solution, or by etching under…
Proton spin-lattice relaxations in the laboratory and rotating frames, together with transverse relaxation (free induction decay), have been measured for natural and epoxidised rubber, plus a series of vulcanised samples. The data have been analysed by fitting procedures to give characteristic times which are discusse…