Materials Literature
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The novel polytheretherketone (PEK-C) prepared from phenolphthalein in our institute is an amorphous, rigid, tough material with good mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. To improve its water vapor permeability for the application of gas drying, PEK-C was sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid and…
In this book the theories, techniques and applications of reflection electron microscopy (REM), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) are comprehensively reviewed for the first time. The book is divided into three parts: diffraction, imaging and sp…
The elastic constants of ice VI have been determined at −2 °C and 7.2 kbar by single crystal Brillouin spectroscopy. The adiabatic elastic moduli were found to be C11=26.8, C12=14.5, C13=12.8, C33=26.2, C44=6.3, and C66=10.4×104 bar, within approximately 1.5%. Large (125 mm3) single crystals were grown in a high press…
First hyperpolarizabilities (β) of two tricyanovinylthiophene nonlinear optical chromophores were determined using second harmonic, hyper-Rayleigh, scattering. The use of an external standard in the determinations is compared with the previous use of an internal standard. The first hyperpolarizability of the well-know…
Scatterometry, the characterization of periodic structures via diffracted light analysis, has been shown to be a versatile technique for measuring critical dimensions in photoresist as small as 0.160 micrometer. Rapid, non-destructive and inexpensive, scatterometry has the potential to be applied to other microlithogr…
The near-edge absorption fine structure of carbon in graphite has been calculated using the multiple-scattering approach. The effects of both a neutral carbon absorber and taking into account the effect of the core hole by using a nitrogen (Z + 1) absorber atom are considered. The best agreement with experiment was ob…
Sehr stark reduzierend wirkt der vierkernige Kupferkomplex 1 im elektronisch angeregten Zustand. Er enthält ein Acetylid‐Dianion, das an die Kupferatome sowohl η 1 als auch η 2 koordiniert, und zeigt langanhaltende Lumineszenz. Seine Gerüststruktur ist rechts wiedergegeben. [Cu 4 (μ‐Ph 2 P‐CH 2 ‐PPh 2 ) 4 (μ 4 ‐η 1 ,η…
The specific heat capacities of (Co, Ni, Fe)–Pd alloys were determined in the crystalline and metastable undercooled liquid state using differential heat flow calorimetry. Applying the melt fluxing technique, the liquid alloys were undercooled by more than 330 K below their respective liquidus temperatures. For Co100−…
The reorientation process of a molecular probe dissolved in the fragile glass former o-terphenyl is studied via electron spin-resonance spectroscopy. Owing to the good resolution of the ESR lineshape in the so-called slow-motion regime, we are able to discriminate between diffusive and jump rotations. In the region of…
When containerless electromagnetic levitation processing was applied to elemental semiconductor Si using a two-step heating method proposed by the present authors, a substantial degree of undercooling up to 420 K (0.25 T m , T m is the melting temperature, 1685 K for Si) has been reproducibly achieved in slowly cooled…
For the first time switchable ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett films are prepared and investigated. The films with a regular multilayered structure are prepared from the ferroelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFE). The films with the thickness of 150 Å show a phase transition of th…
Results of optical absorption, photoluminescence, fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence-line-narrowing studies on several -doped crystals with the gallogermanate crystal structure are presented. Such crystals are unusual in that most fluoresce via both the broad-band transition and the sharper transition (R line), bo…
The first ethylene-bridged bis(chlorins) (for example 1) were obtained by coupling reactions of formylchlorins, either as the nickel(II) or zinc(II) complexes, with lowvalent titanium. They can be partially oxidized at reflux in toluene/acetic acid to afford trans-chlorin/porphyrin compounds, or fully oxidized with is…
We study the diffusion and submonolayer spreading of chainlike molecules on surfaces. Using the fluctuating bond model, we extract the collective and tracer diffusion coefficients ${D}_{c}$ and ${D}_{t}$ with a variety of methods. We show that ${D}_{c}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ has unusual behavior as a function of the co…
Von der Natur abgeleitet ist das Prinzip der symmetriebestimmten Selbstorganisation, das auf nicht zueinander passenden Koordinationszahlen beruht und das hier genutzt wurde, um einen auf Metall‐Ligand‐Wechselwirkungen basierenden Cluster zu entwerfen. Der rechts gezeigte Zehnkomponentencluster demonstriert die vorher…
A negative allosteric effect is observed in the [2]pseudorotaxane incorporating the 1,5-dioxynaphthalene derivative stoppered at one end by the [18]crown-6 macrocycle when it binds alkali metal cations. This effect can be exploited to elicit an optical response that can be monitored by UV spectroscopy. The principle i…
Photon-excited B K fluorescence spectra were measured for hexagonal boron nitride using tunable synchrotron radiation below and above the B K edge. We report Raman-like resonant inelastic scattering of soft x rays involving excitation of delocalized valence-band electrons. The inelastic scattering features track with…
A single multiwalled carbon nanotube with an outside diameter of about 12 nm and an inside diameter of about 4 nm has been isolated in order to measure its electrical properties (resistivity, transverse magnetoresistance and temperature dependence of resistance). The semi-metallic character of the conductance of the s…
In situ x-ray diffraction studies were performed on the PLSnZT antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase switching ceramic and polycrystalline powder. The crystallography of both the antiferroelectic and electric-field-induced ferroelectric phases were determined for the approximate composition of Pb0.98La0.02(Zr0.55Sn0.3…
Neutron diffraction measurements on the title compounds have been carried out over a range of temperature from 10 to 300 K. The compounds have a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure. A paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition is observed for samples with . The ordered magnetic moments obtained for x = 0.2 and…