Materials Literature
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Analysis of the Frank free energy for nematics confined to cylindrical regions indicates that the director pattern is dependent on the surface elastic constant ${\mathit{K}}_{24}$ if there is weak normal anchoring and escape along the cylinder axis. Using deuterium nuclear-magnetic-resonance techniques on samples of s…
The continuous-filament ceramic composite is becoming recognized as necessary for new, high-temperature structural applications. Yet because of the susceptibility of the filaments to damage from traditional methods for the preparation of ceramics, vapor-phase infiltration has become the fabrication method of choice. T…
Abstract The permeability of four structurally related poly(alkoxyphosphazenes), three isomers of poly(dibutoxyphosphazenes) (PBuP), and poly(di‐neopentyloxyphosphazene) (Pneo‐PeP), to 13 gases has been determined by the time‐lag method. Systematic variations in chemical structure have shown a large effect of side cha…
The structures of NADP+ and magnesium isocitrate bound to the NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli have been determined and refined at 2.5-A resolution. NADP+ is bound by the large domain of isocitrate dehydrogenase, a structure that has little similarity to the supersecondary structure of th…
Domains and discommensurations have been directly observed by transmission electron microscopy in some dark-field images using certain reflections in a Mn-Si-Al octagonal quasicrystal. The invisibility and visibility of domains and discommensurations separate the diffraction spots into basic and satellite reflections.…
The absorption spectra of the Nd 3+ ion in the tetragonal xenotime-type NdVO 4 and in the monoclinic monazite-type LaVO 4 , LaPO 4 and NdPO 4 as well as the luminescence of the Eu 3+ ion in LaVO 4 and LaPO 4 were measured and the spectra were analysed according to the appropriate symmetry of the RE site. In addition t…
The energies and wave functions of both the ground and excited states are calculated for a proton in KDP (${\mathrm{KH}}_{2}$${\mathrm{PO}}_{4}$) and a deuteron in DKDP (${\mathrm{KD}}_{2}$${\mathrm{PO}}_{4}$), respectively. On the basis of these calculations, the isotope effects on the saturated polarization and the…
The structure of a-C prepared by plasma-arc deposition has been determined by neutron scattering and analyzed to estimate the fraction of tetrahedrally and trigonally bonded carbons. The structure factor and reduced radial distribution functions are similar to those for a-Si and a-Ge, indicating a high proportion of t…
The kinetics of point defect clustering plays an important role in the development of materials' microstructure under irradiation. Vacancy cluster (void) formation is one such microstructural change expected under fluxes of high energy neutrons in advanced nuclear reactor applications. In this work, a theoretical mode…
The paper presents a mathematical model describing the kinetics of general corrosion. It is based on the assumption that the character and intensity of the electrode process on an elementary section of the corroding surface is determined by the relationship of its own potential to the potentials of the surrounding ele…
Runaway electrons which are accelerated during plasma disruptions may cause damage to the plasma facing components when their energy is deposited locally. In order to assess the possible damage of plasma facing components and the associated damage thresholds in a next generation tokamak, analyses have been carried out…
This paper reviews the leaching behavior of simulated high‐level‐waste glass in Japanese groundwater both on an in situ burial site and in our laboratory. During in situ burial leach tests, the glass is immersed in groundwater for up to 1 year and 7 months, retrieved, and analyzed. A leach rate obtained from the in si…
The electromagnetic behavior of a sheet winding transformer is examined. Modeling each part of this transformer presents particular difficulties. The high-voltage coil consists of approximately 3000 elementary thin conductors. A solution based on the fact that the reaction field of the high-voltage thin elementary con…
A numerical procedure for the calculation of the magnetic field of coils with open iron cores is presented. Considering that the field to be calculated is an open boundary problem with axisymmetric geometry, the boundary element method with double scalar magnetic potentials is used. The axisymmetric fundamental soluti…
Ophthalmic lens materials are characterized by their spectral transmittance and by derived luminous and average UV-B and UV-A transmittances. Photochromic materials, whose transmittances depend on previous and immediate radiant exposure and other environmental conditions, require special methods of spectrophotometry,…
The main cause of crosstalk in a rotary transformer for video cassette recorders (VCRs) is described using the axisymmetric finite-element method and by experiment. The finite-element methods support the magnetic field analysis taking into account the eddy current and the electrical circuits outside the analysis area,…
The paper presents a model of the CVD- and CVI- proceses based on the principles for the description of the gas solid reactions on the outer surface of the substrate and the inner surface of the pores. The model parameters mass transfer coefficient and rate constant of the chemical reaction at the surface were determi…
The interaction of a charged particle with a semi-infinite medium bounded by a flat surface is analyzed as a problem of metal optics. The reflection at the surface of the electromagnetic fields excited by the passing beam is investigated including retardation and spatial dispersion in the hydrodynamic approximation. T…
Chevron layer structures and focal conics in chiral smectic C liquid crystals were investigated by means of polarizing microscope observation and X-ray analysis for two kinds of cells (parallel cells and antiparallel cells) aligned on obliquely evaporated SiO film. For parallel cells, symmetric chevron layer structure…
Abstract During our investigations of the synthesis of ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds containing a fluorenone nucleus, the formation of a novel compound having a –C(O)–S-O– linkage was discovered as a by-product when a derivative of fluorenone carboxylic acid was treated with thionyl chloride and a phenol. Thi…