Volume Holography and Volume Gratings
"Volume Holography and Volume Gratings." Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 29(5), p. 592
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Electrostrictive effect in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-type materials
Lead magnesium niobate Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) is a relaxor ferroelectric with a disordered perovskite structure. A statistical inhomogeneity in the distribution of Mg2+ and Nb5+ ions in the B-sites of an ABO3 perovskite lattice leads to a wide Curie temperature range in which the crystal exhibits an intimate mixture o…
Some observations in the aqueous and emulsion polymerizations of common vinyl monomers initiated by sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) at 50°C
Analytical grade sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) has been found to initiate the polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethyl methacrylate (EMA) in the aqueous media in the presence and absence of detergents, and of styrene in the presence of detergents only, but it fails to initiate the polymerization of meth…
Mastication of Rubber
Abstract As has been shown, peptizing agents act in the mechanochemical and thermooxidative breakdown of elastomers as radical acceptors at low temperatures and as oxidation catalysts at high temperatures. Modern peptizing agents usually consist of thiophenols or aromatic disulfides combined with metal complexes (chel…
The interaction of conduction electrons with dislocations and grain boundaries in metals
Progress in understanding the contributions of dislocations and grain boundaries to the residual electrical resistivity in metals is reviewed. Following a summary of experimental data on dislocation and grain-boundary resistivity, it is shown that the resistivity due to the latter can be simply understood in terms of…
High impact deformation of metal cylinders at elevated temperatures
We have used a ’’reverse gun’’ that fires a ceramic plate at a preheated metal target to study the dependence of flow stress on temperature. Impact velocity versus Lf /L0 isotherms have been determined for Al, two types of Cu, 4340 steel, and Ta at 295, 730, and 1235 K, and for U at 295 and 725 K. A modified Steinberg…
Observation of Ferroelectric Hysteresis Loop of Fe3O4 at 4.2 K
The existence of ferroelectricity in magnetite has been established by determining the c -axis component of the spontaneous polarization at 4.2 K. The ferroelectric D - E hysteresis loop was observed by changing the applied electric field stepwise by 5 kV/cm at intervals of 10 s between -15 kV/cm and 15 kV/cm. It has…
Antiferromagnetic exchange interactions in [Fe4S4(SR)4]2-,3- clusters
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntiferromagnetic exchange interactions in [Fe4S4(SR)4]2-,3- clustersG. C. Papaefthymiou, E. J. Laskowski, S. Frota-Pessoa, R. B. Frankel, and R. H. HolmCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 5, 1723–1728Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 Ma…
EPR studies of the electronic structure and dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in iron(I) sandwich compounds
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEPR studies of the electronic structure and dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in iron(I) sandwich compoundsM. V. Rajasekharan, S. Giezynski, J. H. Ammeter, N. Oswald, J. R. Hamon, D. Astruc, and P. MichaudCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 9, 2400–2407Publication Date (Print):…
Defects in liquid crystals
The most striking feature of liquid crystals is the wide variety of visual patterns they display. These patterns, such as those shown in figure 1 and on the cover, are due almost entirely to the defect structure that occurs in the long-range molecular order of the liquid. Indeed, historically, the underlying structure…
Low-energy electron diffraction for surface structure analysis
Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) is the most important technique for studying the atomic structures of crystalline surfaces. This review aims to give an introduction into the experimental, theoretical and analytical procedures needed for a successful structure determination. After a brief introduction that gives…
Peg Formation by Short‐Circuit Diffusion in Al2 O 3 Scales Containing Oxide Dispersions
Abstract not Available.
Growth of Large Single Crystals of Black Phosphorus at High Pressures and Temperatures, and its Electrical Properties
The crystal growth of black phosphorus(B.P.) and its electrical properties have been studied at high pressures and high temperatures. A wedge type cubic anvil high pressure apparatus was used in the present experiments. From the measurement of the electrical resistance the melting points of B.P. have determined at hig…
A Physico-Chemical Study of the Supercontraction of Spider Major Ampullate Silk Fibers
Methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol do not radially swell or produce supercontrac tion (SC) of spider major ampullate silk fibers. Their aqueous solutions do so at rates associated with water concentrations, but produce no levels of SC ratios other than those expected of water Itself. Saturated aqueous solutions of NaS…
Fluorescence quenching by cross relaxation in LaF3:Pr3+
We have investigated the process of quenching of fluorescence from the $^{3}P_{0}$ excited state of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ in La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ due to cross relaxation among the Pr ions. The fluorescence decay of the ensemble of Pr ions after pulsed excitation is measured as a function of temperature for Pr concentra…
Microscopic fluorescent imaging of surface temperature profiles with 0.01 °C resolution
We have exploited the temperature-dependent fluorescence quantum efficiency in europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (EuTTA) to make high-resolution, noncontact temperature measurements on the surface of an integrated circuit chip. The EuTTA is spun onto the chip in a polymer film. The chip is illuminated with long-wave…
Electrical Conductivity in Lanthanum‐Doped Strontium Titanate
The electrical conductivity of polycrystalline doped with 0.1–2 atom percent lanthanum was determined for the oxygen partial pressure range of 10 0 –10 −22 atm and temperature range of 850°–1050°C. Two types of charge compensation were observed, electronic and ionic. In the overstoichiometric or ionic compensation ran…
Anomalies of Liquid Water
Abstract Water at low temperatures ( T < 300 K) reveals a multitude of unusual physico‐chemical properties, which originate from the strong directivity of the hydrogen bonds. This directivity forces the molecules into a tetrahedral arrangement of first neighbors and thus leads to a poor packing efficiency. All anom…
On the nature of the dynamic contact angle: an experimental study
The dynamic contact angle formed when silicone oil displaces air from the surface of glass has been measured. Even though the glass was neither treated in any special way nor cleaned by an elaborate technique, the standard deviation associated with our measurements was approximately 1·5°. A sequence of experiments rev…
Relationships between stress, strain, and molecular constitution of polymer networks. Comparison of theory with experiments
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelationships between stress, strain, and molecular constitution of polymer networks. Comparison of theory with experimentsBurak Erman and Paul J. FloryCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 3, 806–811Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May…