Materials Literature
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Abstract Nontronite and microbes were detected in the surface layers of deep-sea sediments from Iheya Basin, Okinawa Trough, Japan. Nontronite, an Fe-rich smectite mineral, was embedded in acidic polysaccharides that were exuded by microbial cells and electron microscopy showed that the nontronite layers were apparent…
The microwave performance of a diamond metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) is reported for the first time. MESFETs with a gate length of 2-3 μm and a source-gate spacing of 0.1 μm were fabricated on the hydrogen-terminated surface of an undoped diamond film grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor dep…
The forces between layers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), of molecular weights M = 37 × 10 3 (PEO37) and M = 112 × 10 3 (PEO112) adsorbed onto smooth, curved solid (mica) surfaces across the good solvent toluene have been determined using a surface force balance (SFB). The SFB used is capable of measuring both normal i…
Recently, a new mechanism for the stabilization of the polar surfaces of ZnO has been proposed. This mechanism involves the transfer of electrons between the (0001) and (0001̄) surface. In the current study an alternative mechanism involving the adsorption of water onto the polar surfaces has been investigated using a…
An efficient new scintillator that contains lithium, gadolinium, and boron, all three of which possess large neutron capture cross-section isotopes for highly exothermic reactions, has been recently developed. The homologous yttrium material was also investigated. These compounds of composition Li/sub 6/R(BO/sub 3/)/s…
The migration (diffusion and equilibrium) processes of antioxidants (AOs) from polypropylene (PP) films of different thicknesses into n-heptane and 95% ethanol as fatty food simulants were analysed at 20, 37 and 60 degrees C. Heptane fully extracted the AOs from the polymer while a partition equilibrium described the…
The oxidation kinetics of amorphous silicon carbonitride (SiCN) was measured at 1350°C in ambient air. Two types of specimens were studied: one in the form of thin disks, the other as a powder. Both specimens contained open nanoscale porosity. The disk specimens exhibited weight gain that saturated exponentially with…
We report direct measurements of entropic interactions of colloidal spheres in suspensions of rodlike fd bacteriophage. We investigate the influence of sphere size, rod concentration, and ionic strength on these interactions. Although the results compare favorably with a recent calculation, small discrepancies reveal…
Ordered macroporous particles of silica and titania were fabricated by colloidal templating. The colloidal templates were assembled through colloidal crystallization of suspended polystyrene latex sphere particles in aqueous droplets straddling an air−oil interface. The procedures involve first preparing spherical col…
Experimental studies and theoretical predictions of the bulk-degradation behavior of nonideal PLA- b -PEG- b -PLA hydrogels were performed. The theoretical predictions are based on a previously developed model to which refinements have been made, including the incorporation of a more realistic description of the cross…
The effects of molecular structure and metal-ion complexation on the photochromic and thermochromic properties of N-functionalized carboxyl ligands of 6‘-nitrobenzoindolinospiropyrans (6-nitroBIPS) with varying methylene spacers ( n = 2, 4, and 5) were examined. Irradiation of this series of molecules in the presence…
Ferroelectric thin films of barium titanate were fabricated by sol–gel technique on platinum substrates. The processing temperature was 700 °C. The films obtained with a thickness of 1.5 μm were dense, transparent, and showed ferroelectricity. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used for studying t…
The fast and inexpensive production of single-crystal silicon nanowires, which circumvents the use of lithography, is achieved by pyrolysis of silane in nanochannel alumina with a gold catalyst. The nanowires (see Figure for an SEM image) are very straight, not intertwined, and uniform in diameter and length. They sho…
Direct-current plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with mixtures of acetylene and ammonia was optimized to synthesize aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on Co- or Ni-covered W wires with regard to wire temperature, wire diameter, gas pressure, and sample bias. A phase diagram of CNT growth was established exp…
Relaxations in a poly(alkyl methacrylate) series are systematically influenced by chemical modifications like the variation of side-chain length, random copolymerization, or molecular weight. Recent results concerning the influence of chemical modifications on special parts of the relaxation chart are reviewed. The di…
▪ Abstract This review summarizes recent advances and future research trends in the field of phospholipid-based biomaterials. Lipids play an important role in biomineralization and countless other biological processes, and they are receiving increasing attention for the synthesis of new biomimetic biomaterials. Severa…
This paper examines the development of starch-based plastics for use as biodegradable mulch film. A variety of starch-based polymers are blended with high performance biodegradable polyester polymers in order to determine the applicability of films to be processed on a film blowing line and to perform well in mulch fi…
[reaction: see text]. Benzyl aryl ether dendrons and dendrimers containing thermally reversible furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adducts were prepared up to the third generation. The covalent cleavage and reassembly of the dendrons and dendrimers were evaluated by 1H NMR.
The correction of soft-tissue defects presents a challenge in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The implantation of isolated and culture-expanded adipose precursor cells is a solution to this problem because these cells differentiate into adipocytes when implanted in vivo. Appropriate scaffolds are needed in soft-ti…
A red-light emitting europium complex(see Figure) is investigated here as an alternative to traditional fluorescent materials, which have an inherent electroluminescence (EL) efficiency limited to 25 % of their photoluminescence (PL) efficiency. It is shown that by optimizing the structure of Eu complex–based devices…