Materials Literature
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We study the Brownian motion (BM) of optically trapped graphene flakes. These orient orthogonal to the light polarization, due to the optical constants anisotropy. We explain the flake dynamics, measure force and torque constants and derive a full electromagnetic theory of optical trapping. The understanding of two di…
Nanoparticles are being used in ever increasing numbers in a range of industrial and medical products. Questions surrounding their potential to cause toxic effects in humans have been raised. Although animal experiments predict that nanoparticles are more toxic than their larger counterparts there are few descriptions…
The precise characterization of the ultrafast optical response of metals and metallic nanostructures has remained an experimental challenge. We probe the few-femtosecond electronic dephasing of a local surface plasmon polariton excitation using symmetry-selective second-harmonic (SH) Rayleigh scattering of a nanoscopi…
Using terahertz time domain spectroscopy we demonstrate tunable polarization rotation and circular dichroism in intrinsically nonchiral planar terahertz metamaterials without twofold rotational symmetry. The observed effect is due to extrinsic chirality arising from the mutual orientation of the metamaterial plane and…
The magnetic properties, the magnetostriction, and the magnetoelectric effect in the $d$-electron free rare-earth aluminum borate ${\text{TmAl}}_{3}{({\text{BO}}_{3})}_{4}$ are investigated between room temperature and 2 K. The magnetic susceptibility reveals a strong anisotropy with the hexagonal $c$ axis as the hard…
We have synthesized single crystals of Na_2IrO_3 and studied their structure, transport, magnetic, and thermal properties using powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), electrical resistivity, isothermal magnetization M versus magnetic field H, magnetic susceptibility χversus temperature T, and heat capacity C versus T measur…
We present a first-principles based multiscale modeling approach to heterogeneous catalysis that integrates first-principles kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of the surface reaction chemistry into a fluid dynamical treatment of the macro-scale flow structures in the reactor. The approach is applied to a stagnation flow…
We present a realisation of high bandwidth instrumentation at cryogenic temperatures and for dilution refrigerator operation that possesses advantages over methods using radio-frequency single electron transistor or transimpedance amplifiers. The ability for the low temperature electronics to carry out faster measurem…
We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements that provide a distinct dynamical "fingerprint" for the multiferroic ground state of 3.5% Ga-doped CuFeO_2. The complex ground state is stabilized by the displacement of the oxygen atoms, which are also responsible for the multiferroic coupling predicted by Arima. By…
The design and development of alloy catalysts has been a focus of intense interest because suitable selection and control over the composition of alloy catalysts can result in greatly improved activity and selectivity, while it is unusual that the combination of two inactive metals gives a highly active catalyst. In t…
The optical conductivities of graphene layers are strongly dependent on their stacking orders. Our first-principle calculations show that, while the optical conductivities of single-layer graphene (SLG) and bilayer graphene (BLG) with Bernal stacking are almost frequency-independent in the visible region, the optical…
Abstract Biominerals typically form within localized volumes, affording organisms great control over the mineralization process. The influence of such confinement on crystallization is studied here by precipitating CaCO 3 within the confines of an annular wedge, formed around the contact point of two crossed half‐cyli…
In this paper, we report on the influence of nitrogen concentration in metal melts on the growth processes, morphology, and defect-and-impurity structure of diamond crystals. In two series of experiments, the concentration of nitrogen in the growth system was varied by adding Fe 3 N and CaCN 2 to the charge; the other…
Although nanoparticles have tremendous potential for a host of applications, their adverse effects on living cells have raised serious concerns recently for their use in the healthcare and consumer sectors. As regards the central nervous system (CNS), research data on nanoparticle interaction with neurons has provided…
Spider silk is a self-assembling biopolymer that outperforms most known materials in terms of its mechanical performance, despite its underlying weak chemical bonding based on H-bonds. While experimental studies have shown that the molecular structure of silk proteins has a direct influence on the stiffness, toughness…
A new series of alkaline beryllium borates NaBeB(3)O(6), alpha-KBe(2)B(3)O(7), beta-KBe(2)B(3)O(7), gamma-KBe(2)B(3)O(7), and RbBe(2)B(3)O(7) were synthesized by spontaneous crystallization with molten fluxes based on A(2)O-B(2)O(3) (A = Na, K, Rb) solvent. For KBe(2)B(3)O(7), three polymorphous phases were found and…
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) with that of PLD alone in women with recurrent ovarian cancer after failure of first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women > or = 18 years, stratified by perfor…
Spider dragline silk is one of the strongest, most extensible and toughest biological materials known, exceeding the properties of many engineered materials including steel. Silk features a hierarchical architecture where highly organized, densely H-bonded beta-sheet nanocrystals are arranged within a semiamorphous pr…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTAdsorption of Organic Compounds by Carbon Nanomaterials in Aqueous Phase: Polanyi Theory and Its ApplicationKun Yang†‡ and Baoshan Xing*‡View Author Information Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China, and Department of Plant, Soil and…
The mineral mica has found application in the mainwall insulation of high-voltage electric rotating machines for over a century, and remains intrinsic to achieving high machine reliability and lifetimes. This paper retraces the historical development of micaceous mainwall insulation, and examines the materials and con…