Materials Literature
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Abstract The production of a CO2 flood in the Oklahoma panhandle led to severe corrosion of the carbon steel production tubing and casing. Traditional approaches to chemical corrosion inhibition were unsuccessful. A laboratory study was initiated to determine first the best corrosion inhibitor, and second the optimum…
Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis of blends of a new thermoplastic polyimide (TPI) and poly(ether imide) (PEI) have confirmed the full miscibility of the system over the whole composition range. Annealing of the blends above the glass transition temperature of TPI, but below its crystal…
Abstract A wide range of alloys is being evaluated for use in a new generation of seawater valves for the U.S. Navy. This new generation of valves is being developed to reduce valve life cycle costs and to ensure materials compatibility with advanced seawater piping materials such as commercially pure titanium. Part o…
Abstract Various laboratory methodologies to evaluate corrosion inhibitors are reviewed. Two new methodologies, high-temperature, high-pressure jet impingement (HTHPJI) and high-temperature, high- pressure rotating electrode (HTHPRE), are presented. Flow patterns and hydrodynamic parameters of rotating cage are presen…
Abstract This paper describes methods to predict common mineral scales and corrosion in gas and oil fields. The calculations result from the unification of the scale prediction methods of Oddo and Tomson and the CO2 corrosion prediction methods of de Waard and Lotz (Corrosion 93, Paper No. 69). Background development…
The catalytic effects on the crosslinking behavior of poly(ethylene-co-vinyltrimethoxysilane) were investigated for three different catalysts: the commonly used tin-based compound dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), a low molecular weight carboxylic acid (stearic acid), and a polymer-bound carboxylic acid [ethylene–acrylic…
Abstract The presence of H2S in well fluids imposes severe restrictions on the use of tubular goods because of sulfide stress cracking (SSC). Increasing developments of deep sour wells require high strength OCTG with improved SSC resistance. The appropriate selection of materials for well completion is an important fa…
Characterization of poly(butylene adipate-co-succinate) (PBAS)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) copolyesters resulting from the intermolecular ester-exchange reaction between molten PBAS and PBT have been analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and total o…
Abstract A corrosion rate model is developed for carbon steel in water containing CO2 at different temperatures, pH’s, CO2 fugacities and wall shear stresses. The model is based on loop experiments at temperatures from 20-160°C. The data are taken from a database containing more than 2400 data points at various temper…
Abstract The mechanisms of corrosion inhibition of mild steel by phosphate esters in a CO2 containing environment is studied by using various inhibitor solution characterization techniques (residual analysis, dynamic surface tension, emulsion tendency). Corrosion inhibition and inhibitor film persistancy is monitored…
Although progress has been made in the study of biodegradable polyesters, little attention was given to aliphatic/alicyclic copolyesters. For this reason, we have undertaken systematic studies on the aliphatic/alicyclic copolyesters. As a first step in our research, we have presented the material characteristics (e.g.…
Abstract The effect of environmental factors such as HCO3+ ion, CH3COO- ion, and Ca2+ ion, and microstructure on morphology of corrosion products was investigated in CO2 environments with 0.3MPa CO2 at 80°C. Steel J55 with ferritic-pearlitic microstructure and Steel N80 with martensitic microstructure were used as tes…
Abstract New data on the fracture mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, fracture stress, fracture strain, internal stress, intrinsic stress, and adhesion) and electrical resistance of iron carbonate scales from CO2 corrosion of carbon steel are reported and discussed with respect to mechanistic considerations on loc…
Rubber seed oil was used as a multipurpose ingredient in natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds. The study shows that the oil, when substituted for conventional plasticiser, imparts excellent mechanical properties to NR and SBR vulcanizates. Further, it also improves aging resistance, reduces…
Abstract Multiphase wet gas flowlines of Tunu field cross the Mahakam River at several locations. Even though the corrosion monitoring systems have shown negligible internal corrosion rates, inspection by intelligent pigging, after six years of service, of two of these flowlines indicated severe internal top of line c…
Abstract The role of acetate (Ac−) ion on the rate of CO2 corrosion has been investigated. The presence of Ac− in oilfield brines can significantly increase the rate of corrosion of carbon steel. In the presence of Ac−, the corrosion rate can increase even if the pH increases. Many corrosion prediction models cannot a…
A kinetic study of the synthesis of poly(4-oxybenzoate) by melt-step growth polymerization using para-propionoxybenzoic acid is reported. The polycondensations obey second-order kinetics, irrespective of whether the reaction was catalyzed or uncatalyzed. Breaks are observed in the kinetic plots, suggesting the presenc…
The mechanical properties of the water-swellable rubber prepared by blending polychloroprene with precipitated silica, crosslinked sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, and vulcanizing agents—such as stress at break, strain at break, modulus, energy at break, and hardness—were studied before and after swelling with…
Abstract Field experience has shown that CO2 corrosion is considerably reduced at low partial pressures, unless more than 0.1 to 1 mM of acetic acid is present in the water. This paper shows that acetic species actually act as a weak inhibitor of the anodic dissolution reaction, and that the role of acetic acid is cle…
A drop in an axisymmetric extensional ow is studied using boundary integral methods to understand the effects of a monolayer-forming surfactant on a strongly deforming interface. Surfactants occupy area, so there is an upper bound to the surface concentration that can be adsorbed in a monolayer, Γ ∞ . The surface tens…