Materials Literature
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It has been demonstrated with systematic experiments that the appearance and disappearance of multistage martensitic transformation in aged Ni-rich Ti-Ni alloys depend on the heat treatment atmosphere. No multistage transformation occurs when the evaporation of Ti and Ni and/or the preferential oxidation of Ti in the…
The enthalpies of anion exchange in a chloride-intercalated zinc aluminium layered double hydroxide (LDH) in suspension in water have been studied at 25 °C. The heat effects associated with the exchange of the chloride anions for dicarboxylate anions (oxalate, succinate, adipate and tartrate) have been determined by t…
Permittivity dispersion measurements in a very low frequency range were made on n-pentyl (5CB) and n-octyl 8CB cyano biphenyls, providing characterization of mobile ions by the diffusion coefficient, or the mobility, and their temperature dependence in the nematic phase and/or the smectic A phase. Ionic conduction was…
As an interconnect material, copper has the disadvantage of not forming self-limiting oxides, which can negatively affect device performance and reliability. Undesired oxide layers need to be removed by in situ cleaning, before the copper is subjected to subsequent depositions. We have used ethyl alcohol as a vapor ph…
The complex [Fe(3-bpp)2][Fe(CN)5(NO)] (3-bpp = 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine) undergoes an abrupt, thermally-induced 1A1 ↔ 5T2 spin transition associated with a narrow (∼3 K) hysteresis loop (T1/2↓ = 181 K; T1/2↑ = 184 K). The transition is accompanied by a change in crystallographic space group (P4/ncc at 294 K; Pnca…
Growing global concern on environmental health is forcing all the processing industries to adopt greener and cleaner manufacturing practices. Thus, the leather industry is being pressurized to look for cleaner leather processing. The conventional method of leather making involves do–undo logic. This results in the emi…
An effective one step scheme is introduced for immobilization of rutile TiO2 on the sidewall of MWNTs. Three distinct morphologies of hybrid MWNTs were observed and a phenomenological mechanism was developed to explain the results.
Incoherent neutron scattering measurements were performed on polycarbonate (PC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films of variable thickness, ranging from bulklike down to 75 Å, or length scales comparable to the polymer's radius of gyration. The temperature dependencies of the incoher…
The interaction of hydrogen peroxide with a range of polycrystalline titanium oxide systems, including TiO2, TS-1, [Ti]-APO-5 and ion-exchanged Ti-ZSM-5, has been investigated using c.w. X-band EPR spectroscopy. Decomposition of the peroxide occurs immediately upon contact with all of the metal oxides investigated, re…
Aligned organic nanotubes of perylene with uniform diameters, lengths and wall thicknesses were fabricated via a simple immersion technique using a porous alumina membrane as the template.
Preface. List of Contributors. 1 Introduction (Klaus Wetzig, Claus M. Schneider). 1.1 Prologue. 1.2 Organization, Aim and Content of This Book. 2 Thin Film Systems: Basic Aspects. 2.1 Interconnects for Microelectronics (Ralph Spolenak, Ehrenfried Zschech). 2.1.1 Introduction. 2.1.2 Metallization Layers. 2.1.3 Material…
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The heterogeneous liquid-phase esterification reaction of lactic acid with ethyl alcohol accompanied with lactoyllactic acid hydrolysis over heteropoly acid supported on ion exchange resin catalysts was investigated at 343 K with ethanol to lactic acid molar ratio of 1∶1. The catalysts with 5–20% of tungstophosphoric…
Abstract The effects of applied current, testing time and microstructure on the electrochemical properties of magnesium‐based sacrificial anodes in potable water were evaluated. Galvanostatic tests, potentiodynamic polarisation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were used to determine anode efficiency, co…
The effect of hot and cold rolling on the pickling of austenitic stainless steels is introduced. The formation of an oxide scale and a chromium-depleted layer during annealing, the composition and structure of that oxide scale and their effects on the subsequent pickling process are reviewed. The preliminary pickling…
Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) is considered to be a possible candidate for feedstock recycling because thermal degradation of PLLA can result in the recovery of its monomer, L,L-lactide. One of the serious problems concerning the feedstock recycling of PLLA has been the racemization of lactide. To control the racemization in…
Chlorine induced corrosion is the most important corrosion process in power plants, firing waste, coal and/or biomass. Depending on the process, chlorine is present as HCl gas, as solid KCl and NaCl in ashes or as eutectic melts i.e. KCl–ZnCl2 in deposits of waste fired boilers. In the presence of HCl gas and solid ch…
Homeotropically oriented liquid-crystalline (LC) physical gels have been prepared from a room temperature nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy and a low molecular weight gelator containing an L-lysine moiety. The oriented self-aggregated fibres of the gelator are formed by the template effect of…
Two new manganese(II) compounds of formula [Mn(mal)(H2O)(2,4′-bpy)]n (1) and [Mn2(mal)2(H2O)2(4,4′-bpy)]n (2) (2,4′-bpy = 2,4′-bipyridine, 4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine and H2mal = malonic acid) have been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Their structures are made up of two- (1) and three-…
SUMMARY Saline-sodic water is used to irrigate crops where supplies of good-quality water are scarce or in areas affected by high, saline water tables. This review covers the basic irrigation principles, practices, and limitations of irrigation with saline and saline-sodic water. The focus of this review is on studies…