Materials Literature
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A simulated annealing algorithm is applied to the reconstruction of two-dimensional porous media with prescribed correlation functions. The experimental correlation function of an isotropic sample of Fontainebleau sandstone and a synthetic correlation function with damped oscillations are used in the reconstructions.…
Based on a series of ab initio studies we have pointed out the remarkable structural stability of nanotubular and quasiplanar boron clusters, and postulated the existence of novel layered, tubular, and quasicrystalline boron solids built from elemental subunits. The present study illustrates and predicts qualitative s…
We show the design and preparation of a novel type of magnet exhibiting two compensation temperatures; i.e., the spontaneous magnetization changes its sign twice with changing temperature. The key to obtaining this unusual behavior is the simultaneous incorporation of one antiferromagnetic and two different ferromagne…
The electronic densities of states of atomically resolved single-walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. Peaks in the density of states due to the one-dimensional nanotube band structure have been characterized and compared with tight-binding calculations. In addition, tunne…
After a series of investigations on the durable flame-retardant finishes, it was thought to be important to study these durable flame-retardant finished materials from the thermal analytical standpoint. Accordingly, cotton fabric was finished with N-methylol dialkyl phosphonopropionamide (Pyrovatex C) by thermofixatio…
The carboxyl group containing aqueous-based polyurethane (PU) dispersions were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate, poly(propylene glycol)-1000, and 2,2-dimethylol propanic acid via a PU prepolymer process. The amino content of this amino-terminated aqueous-based PU system was determined by a styrene oxide titration…
Two series of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers were synthesized from 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) chain extender, and each of poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) and poly(hexamethylene oxide) (PHMO) macrodiols. The PTMO and PHMO molecular weights were kept constant at 993 and 852…
A high performance vibration absorber requires a high loss factor behavior over a wide temperature and frequency range. An investigation was carried out to prepare such materials based on poly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated polyethylene, and epoxidized natural rubber ternary blends. The loss factor and damping behavior…
The electrical and mechanical properties of new conductive rubber composites based on ethylene–propylene–diene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and their 50/50 (weight ratio) blend filled with conductive black were investigated. The threshold concentrations for achieving high conductivity are explained on…
The interfacial tension γ between the coexisting isotropic and cholesteric phases of aqueous solutions of a rigid triple-helical polysaccharide, schizophyllan, was determined by the sessile drop method, as a function of the polymer molecular weight. The values of γ are almost inversely proportional to the molecular we…
This article reports a novel technology for photoinduced surface hydrogelation with regional precision. The technology is based on the photochemistry of dithiocarbamate and xanthate groups, both of which are dissociated into highly reactive radical pairs upon ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Photoreactive hydrophil…
Hydrophilic−hydrophobic diblock copolymers composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 4-(7‘-octenyl)styrene with 26, 47, and 82 wt % of poly[4-(7‘-octenyl)styrene], HO-30, -50, and -80, respectively, were synthesized by anionic living polymerization. The surface structures of their solvent-cast films under dry…
We report the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize quantitatively the structural anisotropy within ultrathin (thickness of ∼10 nm) obliquely deposited films of gold and thereby calculate the influence of this anisotropy on the orientations of liquid crystals (LCs) supported on these surfaces. Whereas v…
As part of a comprehensive analysis of the effects of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and culture pH on medium osmolality (manuscript in preparation), we discovered substantial errors in the osmolality values that we previously reported for cultures at elevated pCO2. As shown in Table 1, the corrected osmolalit…
The NO 2 gas-sensing characteristics of chemiresistors in the form of multilayered Langmuir−Blodgett films of a symmetrically substituted phthalocyanine, containing on the periphery four amidic groups −CONH−, have been studied. Floating layers were spread onto the water surface from a chloroform solution and were tran…
This paper presents a model for predicting pressure losses in foams of various expansions and pressures, in pipes of any given diameter, once the foam behavior has been characterized at a single expansion and pressure. The model incorporates a modified form of the power-law viscosity model of foam, which is obtained t…
Foam separation may have potential for protein recovery. However, for foam separation to be a viable protein recovery technique it is important to demonstrate, not only that high enrichments and recoveries can be achieved for single proteins, but also that high enrichments and recoveries, together with selectivity of…
Macromolecular Gd(III) complexes may find useful application as contrast agents for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Herein two novel systems are reported, namely Gd(DO3ASQ)3-lys16 and Gd(DO3ASQ)30-orn114. Their syntheses are based on the ability of the squaric acid moiety to act as a linker between the DO3A (1,4…
Thiol-reactive lanthanide complexes have been synthesized that are luminescent when bound to terbium and/or europium. The complexes consist of a diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) chelate covalently joined through one amide bond to a chromophore, carbostyril 124, and via a second amide bond to a maleimide, bromoace…
We study the relaxation to equilibrium of two dimensional islands containing up to 20000 atoms by Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the commonly assumed relaxation mechanism - curvature-driven relaxation via atom diffusion - cannot explain the results obtained at low temperatures, where the island edges co…