Cu2O: a catalyst for the photochemical decomposition of water?
The photoelectrochemical properties of polycrystalline Cu2O electrodes are discussed with regard to the application of the oxide as a photocatalytic material for water splitting.
Materials Literature
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Periodic mesoporous organosilicas, PMOs: fusion of organic and inorganic chemistry ‘inside’ the channel walls of hexagonal mesoporous silica
Synthesis and characterization of new periodic mesoporous organosilicas, PMOs, containing benzene and thiophene groups ‘within’ the channel walls, is presented.
From molecules to opto-chips: organic electro-optic materials
Recent advances in polymeric electro-optic materials and device fabrication techniques have significantly increased the potential for incorporation of these materials and devices into modern high bandwidth (fiber and wireless) telecommunication, information processing, and radar systems. Charge transfer π-electron chr…
Structural and magnetic phase transitions in shape-memory alloysNi2+xMn1−xGa
The Heusler-type alloy ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2+x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Ga}$ exhibits well defined shape memory properties in a ferromagnetic state, which means that the martensitic transition temperature is lower than the Curie point of this material. The change of composition makes these characteristic te…
Review of photon interaction cross section data in the medical and biological context
The probability of a photon (x-ray, gamma-ray, bremsstrahlung, etc) of a given energy E undergoing absorption or scattering when traversing a layer of material Z can be expressed quantitatively in terms of a linear attenuation coefficient mu (cm(-1)). Since mu is dependent on the material's density, rho (g cm(-3)), wh…
Nomenclature of the Micas
Abstract End-members and species defined with permissible ranges of composition are presented for the true micas, the brittle micas, and the interlayer-deficient micas. The determination of the crystallochemical formula for different available chemical data is outlined, and a system of modifiers and suffixes is given…
Vibrational spectroscopy of bulk and supported manganese oxides
Manganese oxide catalysts, both bulk and supported on γ-Al2O3 and SiO2, have been studied by Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, their phase composition being determined by X-ray diffraction. The supported catalysts were prepared via pore volume impregnation from nitrate precursors, the atomic ratio of manganese to alumini…
A pseudobond approach to combining quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical methods
A major challenge for combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical methods (QM/MM) to study large molecules is how to treat the QM/MM boundary that bisects some covalent bonds. Here a pseudobond approach has been developed to solve this problem for ab initio QM/MM calculations: a one-free-valence atom with an…
Evaluation of Calculated and Measured Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths Near Solid Surfaces
An analysis is given of the consistency of calculated and measured electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) near solid surfaces for electron energies between 50 and 104 eV, the energy range of relevance for surface analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This evaluation is based…
The correlation between mechanical stress and magnetic anisotropy in ultrathin films
The impact of stress-driven structural transitions and of film strain on the magnetic properties of nm ferromagnetic films is discussed. The stress-induced bending of film-substrate composites is analysed to derive information on film stress due to lattice mismatch or due to surface-stress effects. The magneto-elastic…
Molecular simulation of hydrogen adsorption in single-walled carbon nanotubes and idealized carbon slit pores
The adsorption of hydrogen gas into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and idealized carbon slit pores is studied by computer simulation. Hydrogen-hydrogen interactions are modeled with the Silvera-Goldman potential. The Crowell-Brown potential is used to model the hydrogen-carbon interactions. Calculations includ…
Manganese oxide porous crystals
This article reviews the structure, synthesis, host-guest reaction in aqueous phase, and ion-sieve and molecular-sieve properties of porous manganese oxide crystals. Tunnel and layered manganese oxides constitute a large family of porous materials having pore size from ultramicropores to mesopores. The manganese oxide…
Design and optimization of laminated composite materials
Mechanics of Laminated Composite Materials. Hygrothermal Analysis of Laminated Composites. Laminate In-Plane Stiffness Design. Integer Programming Techniques. Failure Criteria for Laminated Composites. Strength Design of Laminates. Laminate Design for Flexural and Combined Response.
Grain Boundary Migration in Metals: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Applications
Thermodynamics of Grain Boundaries Introductory Remarks Thermodynamics of Surfaces Experiments Applications of Grain Boundary Thermodynamics The Equilibrium Shape of Grain Boundaries Structure of Grain Boundaries Terminology and Definitions Atomic Structure of Grain Boundaries Grain Boundary Motion Fundamentals Drivin…
Building molecular wires from the colours of life: conjugated porphyrin oligomers
Conjugated porphyrin polymers are giant supramolecular chromophores with extraordinary electrooptical and nonlinear optical properties. Close collaboration between synthetic organic chemists, chemical physicists and theoreticians has yielded new insights into the electronic structure of these remarkable materials. Alk…
Nanophase Glass‐Ceramics
Future applications for glass‐ceramics are likely to capitalize on designed‐in, highly specialized properties for the transmission, display, and storage of information. Glass‐ceramics with microstructures comprised of uniformly dispersed crystals <100 nm in size offer promise for many potential new applications as…
Negative thermal expansion materials †
The vast majority of materials have a positive coefficient of thermal expansion and their volume increases on heating. There has been considerable recent interest in materials which display the unusual property of contracting in volume on heating; i.e. those with a negative coefficient of thermal expansion. This Persp…
Polarization Effects in Intermediate Temperature, Anode‐Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cells with yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, Sr‐doped (LSM) + YSZ cathode, and Ni + YSZ anode were fabricated and their performance was evaluated between 650 and 800°C with humidified hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant. Maximum power densities measured were at 800°…
Hydrolytic degradation characteristics of aliphatic polyesters derived from lactic and glycolic acids
During the past decade, important advances have been made in the understanding of the hydrolytic degradation characteristics of aliphatic polyesters derived from lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA). Degradation of large poly(LAGA) (PLAGA) polymers is autocatalyzed by carboxyl end groups initially present or genera…
Recent tests of the mode-coupling theory for glassy dynamics
An overview is given of recent tests of the mode-coupling theory for the evolution of structural relaxation in glass-forming liquids. Emphasis is put on comparisons between the leading-order asymptotic formulae derived for the dynamics near glass transition singularities and the results of neutron scattering, depolari…