Materials Literature
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Based on density-functional theory we study the occurrence of a ferroelectric phase in Stockmayer fluids. Because of the long-ranged dipolar forces the corresponding bulk phase diagrams depend on both the shape of the sample and the character of the dielectric surrounding. For ellipsoidal samples with different aspect…
We studied the electro-optical response of a bistable cholesteric texture (BCT) display to ac voltage pulses. The material can be driven into states where planar and focal conic textures coexist at zero field and gray scale memory is achieved. According to the properties of the BCT display we designed two drive scheme…
The luminescence of the alkali halides doped with ns 2 ions is studied in a wide temperature region by the methods of time-resolved polarization spectroscopy with the use of magnetic and electric fields. It is established that the structure and properties of relaxed excited states (RES) of all the centers investigated…
Linked by strings of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) molecules, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs) can form nanotube aggregates that contain as many as approximately 20 betaCDs (20 nanometers long) or approximately 20 to 35 gammaCDs (20 to 35 nanometers long). Nanotube formation was indicated in solution, by fluorescence an…
Novel artificial extracellular matrices were synthesized in the form of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks containing copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) and acrylic acid (PEG-co-AA) grafted with synthetic bioadhesive peptides onto exposed carboxylic acid moieties. These substrates were very resistant to cell adhe…
Tissue-engineered implants require appropriate biomaterials to serve the required physical function of the tissue being repaired or replaced while facilitating remodeling of the implant. We report on the development of implantable fabrics manufactured from continuous collagen threads. The collagen threads are formed b…
Among the host of substratum properties that affect animal cell behavior, surface morphology has received relatively little attention. The earliest effect of surface morphology on animal cells was discovered almost a century ago when it was found that cells became oriented in response to the underlying topography. Thi…
Abstract Poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) films were treated with either an argon or a tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ) plasma and subsequently analyzed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PAAc films were decarboxylated during both types of plasma treatments. In addition, during the CF 4 plasma treatment, the PAAc films b…
Abstract LDPE/PP polyblends, modified through either peroxide initiated reactions or irradiation, were characterized in terms of rheological and mechanical properties and microstructure. In the presence of peroxide, or through irradiation LDPE crosslinks, PP degrades. Data were obtained at two peroxide concentration l…
A method has been proposed for the determination of localized-state distributions in amorphous semiconductors from transient photoconductivity using Laplace transforms. The method is valid in both pre- and post-recombination regimes of transient photoconductivity. The applicability of the method is demonstrated in amo…
The doping of a quantum dot is an important issue particularly because the luminescence of porous silicon has been attributed to quantum confinement. Since electrochemical etching and possible electroluminescence devices are intimately connected with extrinsic conduction, the quantum size effect on doping, including i…
Monte Carlo simulations show that a system of hard, spherical particles with a short-ranged attractive interaction, can undergo a first-order transition from a dense to a more expanded solid phase with the same structure. This phase transition is analogous to the liquid-vapor transition in systems with longer-ranged a…
We report the preparation of nanometer sized crystallites of silicon by a pulsed laser ablation supersonic expansion technique. High resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to verify that particles with diameter in the range of ∼3 nm and greater are produced. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction results confir…
The article, which discusses the procurement and specification of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) and the lack of applicable standards, specifications, methods of testing, and criteria, considers how composite products were developed for military applications, how they are manufactured for civilian purposes, and the av…
Abstract Overbased calcium sulphonate and its derivatives have been characterised by means of thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray and IR spectroscopy. The study was carried out after thermal treatment up to 900°C. Different phases appeared, showing a transition from an amorphous system to a crystallised medium. Electric…
The orbital contribution to the $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ NMR shift is rigorously calculated in the first and second stages of graphite intercalation compounds for a magnetic field perpendicular to the layers. The Kobayashi-Tsukada formalism is applied in the independent-subsystem model, which offers an opportunity to allow a…
Measurements of density and apparent thermal conductivity are pre sented for specimens cut from rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam co-blown with trichlorofluoromethane (CCl 3 F) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Eight specimens, nominally 580 by 580 by 27 mm, were prepared from two boards (1.2 by 2.4 m by 50 mm) of foam lamin…
Simulations were carried out for thermodynamic activities of water and nitric acid in simulated reprocessing solutions under a high level liquid waste (HLLW) evaporation condition. A prediction method based on a “Hydration Model” was developed to evaluate the activity coefficients of nitric acid and water in nitric ac…
The reaction of metal chloride-GIC with ammonia has been examined from the kinetic, thermodynamic and structural points of view. This reaction, which is widely reversible between two values of the ammonia/metal chloride ratio, can be used for the chemical storage of thermal energy or cold generation. The reaction rate…
The quasi‐static, stable growth of cracks in polycrystalline magnesia under various loading conditions (cyclic compression, monotonic tension, and tension–compression fatigue) was studied. Crack length was monitored continuously through a conductive film attached to the specimen surface. The fracture surfaces and the…