Materials Literature
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The polarization-dependence of the exchange-correlation (XC) energy functional of periodic insulators within Kohn-Sham (KS) density-functional theory requires a ${\cal O} (1/q^2)$ divergence in the XC kernel for small vectors q. This behaviour, exemplified for a one-dimensional model semiconductor, is also observed wh…
The fluorescence of individual nitrogen-vacancy defect centers in diamond was observed with room-temperature scanning confocal optical microscopy. The centers were photostable, showing no detectable change in their fluorescence emission spectrum as a function of time. Magnetic resonance on single centers at room tempe…
This handbook gives a complete and concise description of the up-to-date knowledge of nuclear and radiochemsitry and applications in the various fields of science. I is based on teaching courses and on research for over 40 years. The book is addressed to any researcher whishing sound knowledge about the properties of…
Linear chains of carbon atoms have been proposed as the electron emitting structures of open tip carbon nanotubes subject to an electric field. To better understand the implications of the results of Smalley and collaborators, the electromagnetic response of linear carbon chains to both static and dynamics fields have…
Static and dynamic frictional phenomena at the interface with random impurities are investigated in a two-chain model with incommensurate structure. Static frictional force is caused by the impurity pinning and/or by the pinning due to the regular potential, which is responsible for the breaking of analyticity transit…
We study the magnetic properties of nanoscale magnetic films with large perpendicular anisotropy comparing polarization microscopy measurements on Co_28Pt_72 alloy samples based on the magneto-optical Kerr effect with Monte Carlo simulations of a corresponding micromagnetic model. We focus on the understanding of the…
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” opt…
We have performaed molecular dynamics simulations of Fe(80)Ni(20) alloys using an inter-atomic potential of the EAM-type which allows the simulation of the martensite-austenite transition. We present results, showing the development of an inhomogeneous shear system on a nanoscale during the thermally induced austeniti…
The crystal structure of the tetrameric DNA-binding domain of the single-stranded DNA binding protein from Escherichia coli was determined at a resolution of 2.9 A using multiwavelength anomalous dispersion. Each monomer in the tetramer is topologically similar to an oligomer-binding fold. Two monomers each contribute…
An ab initio study of the Bain strain and orthorhombic distortions in the TiM compounds ( $M\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{Ni}$, Cu, Rh, Pd, and Ag) shows that the $B2$ structure of the shape memory alloy TiNi, unlike that of the other TiM compounds, is stable against these distortions, and…
A combination of thin-film deposition and physical masking steps were used to generate libraries of the rare earth activated refractory metal oxides, Gd(La,Sr)AlOx. Systematic variation of composition and processing conditions afforded tricolor phosphors with the following nominal compositions, (Gd0.46Sr0.31)Al1.23OxF…
Using the white line intensities, electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope has been employed to characterize the valence conversion and oxygen vacancies in La1−xCaxMnO3−y. For a nominal doping composition x=0.33, the ratio of Mn4+ to Mn3+ is determined to be more than 0.25 but less than…
In-plane surface gliding of a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal is investigated at substrates with weak azimuthal anchoring energy under different external electric fields parallel to the substrates. The anchoring is a result of photoinduced anisotropy in a poly-(vinyl)-alcohol alignment layer with embedded azodye m…
The full three-dimensional Peach-Koehler formalism is implemented numerically and used to investigate encounters between threading and misfit dislocations in a strained epitaxial layer. The possible outcomes of such interactions are found to include blocking, binding, repulsive passage, and attractive instabilities. W…
Silicon has been anodized such that the porous layer is passivated with a homogeneous stretching phase by incorporating H2O2 in the anodization mixture. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements show that the Si–H stretching mode oriented perpendicular to the surface at ∼2100 cm−1 dominates the spectrum wit…
We report ultraviolet (uv) Raman scattering studies of hydrogen-free, diamondlike amorphous carbon thin films with a wide range of tetrahedral bonding. The uv Raman spectra are shown to provide direct evidence for the presence of s${\mathrm{p}}^{3}$-bonded C atoms in these materials. The experimental results are found…
It is shown that thin layers of palladium coated magnesium lanthanide alloys reversibly go through an optical transition by variation of the hydrogen concentration, just as has recently been shown for pure lanthanides. With these layers optical switches can be constructed that exhibit three different optical states: a…
Polarizabilities of small ${\mathrm{Si}}_{n}$, ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{n}$ ( $n\ensuremath{\le}10$), and ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{n}{\mathrm{As}}_{m}$ ( $n+m\ensuremath{\le}8$) clusters are calculated using the higher-order finite-difference pseudopotential method in real space. We find the polarizabilities of the clusters considered…
Electro-optic modulation up to 113 GHz has been demonstrated using traveling wave polymer modulators. The modulation signal was directly detected at 1.3 μm using a laser heterodyne system with an external-cavity tunable semiconductor laser. The device optical response variation, as a function of frequency over the who…
The activation of p70s6k is accompanied by a complex series of phosphorylation events. In this review we propose a model of activation which divides p70s6k into four functional modules that cooperate in leading to full enzyme activity. In the light of the model, we suggest how candidate effectors of p70s6k activation…