Materials Literature
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The elastic coupling in the ferromagnetic/ferroelectric composite Terfenol-D/polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) leads to a magnetic field induced magnetoelectric (ME) effect: an applied magnetic field creates a piezomagnetic strain in the Terfenol-D that in turn induces a piezoelectric charge or voltage in the PVDF. This l…
Aims: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the chitosans produced by several species of fungi. Methods and Results: Representatives of four species of filamentous fungi, Aspergillus niger , Rhizopus oryzae , Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus sajo-caju , and two yeast strains, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii TISTR5…
Films of silk fibroin cast from fibroin–water solutions at different casting temperatures and untreated or treated after casting with methanol, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), under static and dynamic mode, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. DSC revealed…
Abstract The volume expansion behavior of low‐density polypropylene foams in extrusion is investigated in this paper. Since escape of blowing agent from the foam would cause the foam to contract, and to have low expansion, efforts were made to prevent gas loss during foaming. The basic strategies to the promotion of a…
Abstract The heat and flame resistance of high performance fibres are reviewed according to the literature data. The performance is discussed considering the physical and chemical structure of the fibres. Some selected high performance fibres are then evaluated using the cone calorimeter as a fire model to provide rea…
This review represents the authors' view of the evolution of solid‐state ionics over approximately the past 100 years. A brief history, introducing milestones of the development of this discipline, is followed by a short summary of the theory of ionic conduction in the bulk and the more recently developed theory of io…
First-principles total-energy calculations suggest that interstitial hydrogen impurity forms a shallow donor in SnO2, CdO, and ZnO, but a deep donor in MgO. We generalize this result to other oxides by recognizing that there exist a “hydrogen pinning level” at about 3.0±0.4 eV below vacuum. Materials such as Ag2O, HgO…
Abstract We present an improved algorithm of the self‐consistent mean‐field implementation that has been recently proposed for the calculation of block copolymer self‐assembly. Without requiring prior knowledge of the symmetry of the mesophase segregation, the algorithm is numerically stable and significantly faster t…
The planar disorder of Ca-montmorillonite (Fuller’s earth) has been investigated using structural simulations of X-ray powder patterns. A standard sample was fully characterized using chemical, microscopic, and diffraction methods. Earlier models of disorder taken from the literature and newly formulated combined mode…
Recent developments in the synthesis and application of hole conducting oligomeric and polymeric triarylamines are reviewed. The materials are classified as Star-shaped molecules, Spiros and dendrimers, Side-chain polymers, and Main-chain polymers and copolymers. This paper concentrates on the research results of our…
A systematic theoretical study of the electronic structure and bonding in metal meso-tetraphenyl porphines MTPP, M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn has been carried out using a density functional theory method. The calculations provide a clear elucidation of the ground states for the MTPPs and for a series of [MTPP]x ions (x=2+, 1+…
A series of dibenzoborole derivatives with various groups such as (N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl, thienyl, and bithienyl groups at the 3,7-positions have been synthesized and their photophysical properties studied. These new pi-electron systems show significant solvatochromism in the fluorescence spectra. Thus, about 100-1…
We show how dynamical heterogeneities in glass forming systems emerge as a consequence of the existence of dynamical constraints, and we offer an interpretation of the glass transition as an entropy crisis in trajectory space (space-time) rather than in configuration space. To illustrate our general ideas, we analyze…
In principle, a memory field-effect transistor (FET) based on the metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor gate stack could be the building block of an ideal memory technology that offers random access, high speed, low power, high density and nonvolatility. In practice, however, so far none of the reported ferroelectric memo…
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases form a large, evolutionarily old family of NAD(P)(H)-dependent enzymes with over 60 genes found in the human genome. Despite low levels of sequence identity (often 10-30%), the three-dimensional structures display a highly similar alpha/beta folding pattern. We have analyzed the r…
An overview of the various carbon structures with characteristic sizes in the nanoscale region is presented, with special attention devoted to the structures and properties of ‘nanodiamond’ and carbon nanotubes. The term ‘nanodiamond’ is used broadly for a variety of diamond-based materials at the nanoscale ranging fr…
In this paper, we demonstrate a new bottom antireflective coating (BARC) layer for both KrF and ArF lithography. The antireflective layers are composed of a novel low-dielectric constant polymer material (SiLK) and its etching hard-mask layer. By adding an optimized hard-mask layer, the reflectance of less than 1% at…
A compact laser-produced plasma X-ray source that radiates 1 nm X-rays with an average power of 24 W in 2π steradians is presented. The X-ray conversion efficiency is 9% of the laser power delivered on target. The 300 W laser power is generated by a compact diode-pumped, solid-state Nd:YAG laser system. The X-ray sour…
The defect-deformation (DD) mechanism of spontaneous formation of ensembles of seed pores during etching of semiconductors and metals is developed. The mechanism is based on the concept of generation and DD self-organisation of interstices and vacancies during etching. For p-Si, good agreement between theoretical and…
A mesoscopical-level model for the evolution of microstructure in simple-laminate martensite undergoing an isothermal phase-transformation process within the context of a uniaxial deformation is proposed using a Hamiltonian approach to a relaxed problem involving a Young-measure-valued deformation gradient and Hill's…