Materials Literature
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Discrete spherical polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles with a uniform diameter of ∼85 nm and electrical conductivity of ∼10 S cm−1 were fabricated by chemical oxidative polymerization within micelles composed of myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (MTAB) and decyl alcohol as the nanoreactors. A methanol-based colloidal di…
Improving the capacity and durability of electrode materials is one of the critical challenges lithium-ion battery technology is facing presently. Several promising anode materials, such as Si, Ge, and Sn, have theoretical capacities several times larger than that of the commercially used graphite negative electrode.…
A large-scale, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly synthetic strategy for biocompatible reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by using dextran as a reducing and stabilization agent has been developed. Dextran-coated RGO (D-RGO) was readily soluble in water with high biocompatibility.
Eu(III) ions have been introduced into a photoactive viologen system to yield a polyrotaxane-like metal-organic framework, which exhibits reversible photochromism and luminescence modulation with a non-destructive readout capability in the solid state.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were used for the first time to coat TiO2 to enhance the open circuit voltage (Voc) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). ZIF-8 was selected as a representative MOF for a case study. After a growth time of 30 min, a very thin ZIF-8 film was coated on TiO2 with a thickness of about 2 nm.…
Electrical energy can be obtained from the controlled mixing of fresh (river) and saline (sea) water. Existing technologies such as pressure retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis make use of ion-exchange membranes which must be crossed by either the water or the ions. Recently a new physical principle has been…
Nanostructured MnO(2) exhibits a high turnover frequency for oxygen evolution under visible light and high stability in strong acidic conditions.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers with diameters ranging from 70 to 400 nm are produced by electrospinning and the effect of fiber size on the ferroelectric β-crystalline phase is determined. Domain switching and associated ferro-/piezo-electric properties of the electrospun PVDF fibers were also determined. The…
Conjugated polymers have been under active development since the 1970s as the active material in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), photovoltaic devices and the emissive layer in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Extensive work has been performed to investigate the physics and chemistry of these materials, and a va…
Hydrogels are crosslinked hydrophilic polymers that undergo swelling in water. The gel volume is affected by many environmental parameters including temperature, pH, ionic strength, and solvent composition. Therefore, these factors have been traditionally used for making smart hydrogels. DNA, on the other hand, is a s…
The cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction problem is to find the three-dimensional (3D) structure of a macromolecule given noisy samples of its two-dimensional projection images at unknown random directions. Present algorithms for finding an initial 3D structure model are based on the "angular reconstitution" method…
Mesoporous carbon capsules encapsulated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the successive coating of a silica layer and a subsequent mesoporous silica/carbon layer on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by chemical etching with NaOH solution. TEM observations show that the as-obtained samples had a ratt…
Irbesartan (IRB) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker antihypertensive agent. The aim of the present investigation was to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble IRB. The solubility of IRB in various oils was determined to identify the o…
Matrix vesicles (MVs) induce calcification during endochondral bone formation. Experimental methods for structural, compositional, and functional analysis of MVs are reviewed. MV proteins, enzymes, receptors, transporters, regulators, lipids and electrolytes are detailed. MV formation is considered from both structura…
This review starts with a brief introduction to TiO2 nanotubes (NTs), and then discusses in more detail how to optimize the structure of TiO2 NTs for the fabrication of highly efficient solar cells, including the controllable fabrication of perfectly aligned TiO2 NTs, optimizing the tube parameters, strategies of sens…
A water-stable ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [C4mim][CF3SO3], is herein proposed to be used in the formation of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) with a large range of mono- and disaccharides, as well as polyols. Binodal curves, tie-lines, and densities and viscosities of the co-exi…
A series of bipolar anthracene derivatives containing hole-transporting triphenylamine and electron-transporting benzimidazole moieties were synthesized and characterized. These compounds possess high thermal properties and quantum yield in toluene solution but their photoluminescence spectra are sensitive to the pola…
Four prototype heteroleptic copper(I) complexes [Cu(bpy)(pop)][PF6] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, pop = bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)ether), [Cu(phen)(pop)][PF6] (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), [Cu(bpy)(pdpb)][PF6] (pdpb = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene) and [Cu(phen)(pdpb)][PF6] are presented. The synthesis, X-ray stru…
Li(3)V(2)(PO(4))(3)/graphene nanocomposites have been firstly formed on reduced graphene sheets as cathode material for lithium batteries. The nanocomposites synthesized by the sol-gel process exhibit excellent high-rate and cycling stability performance, owing to the nanoparticles connected with a current collector t…
A high-efficiency Bi2O2CO3 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized using tri-sodium citrate as both the coordinating agent and carbon source through a hydrothermal process. Morphology modulation of the obtained products could be easily realized by tuning the concentration of tri-sodium citrate in sponge-like, rose-…