Fouling of Heat Transfer Equipment
"Fouling of Heat Transfer Equipment." Nuclear Technology, 58(1), pp. 121–122
Materials Literature
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Synthesis and stability relations of magnesium idocrase
Hydrothermal investigation of the bulk compositions Ca 19 Mg 4 Al 10 Si 17 O 68 (OH) 8 and Ca 19 Mg 3 Al 10 Si 18 O 68 (OH) 10 (+ or -4SiO 2 + H 2 O) has been conducted by using conventional cold seal and internally heated pressure apparatus at 320 degrees to 900 degrees C and 1 to 2 kb P fluid . Magnesium idocrase wa…
An anomaly in the infrared absorption spectrum of synthetic diamond
Careful measurements of infrared spectra of synthetic diamonds bring to light two apparently contradictory observations. On the one hand, it is shown that there is an excellent correlation between the strengths of the nitrogen-induced absorption at 1130 cm−1 and of the local-mode absorption peak at 1344 cm−1. On the o…
Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Some Halogenated and Non-halogenated Hydrocarbons
1 The relative potency of effect of a wide range of halogenated and unsubstituted hydrocarbons on the central nervous system (CNS) and the heart of experimental animals have been determined. 2 The chemicals used caused either stimulation or depression of the rat CNS after 10 minutes' inhalation of concentrations rangi…
Onset of convection in a variable-viscosity fluid
The Rayleigh number R, in a horizontal layer with temperature-dependent viscosity can be based on the viscosity at T 0 , the mean of the boundary temperatures. The critical Rayleigh number Roc for fluids with exponential and super-exponential viscosity variation is nearly constant at low values of the ratio of the vis…
Electrochemistry of Prussian Blue Modified Electrodes: An Electrochemical Preparation Method
A new type of Prussian blue modified electrode is described. The Prussian blue modified electrode is electrochemically prepared in a solution of ferric‐ferricyanide. The amount of Prussian blue on electrodes such as platinum, glassy carbon, and SnO 2 is easily controlled by changing the current density, the electrode…
Sinterable Ceramic Powders from Laser‐Driven Reactions: I, Process Description and Modeling
A novel process is discussed for producing a wide variety of ceramic powders with unique physical and chemical characteristics. Silicon, Si 3 N 4 , and SiC powders were produced from CO 2 laser‐heated gas‐phase reactants; a detailed description of this laser‐driven process is presented. The physical, chemical, and cry…
Multicoated gratings: a differential formalism applicable in the entire optical region
We present a new formalism for the diffraction of an electromagnetic plane wave by a multicoated grating. Its basic feature lies in the use of a coordinate system that maps all the interfaces onto parallel planes. Using Maxwell’s equations in this new system leads to a linear system of differential equations with cons…
The Optical Properties of 'Moth Eye' Antireflection Surfaces
A ‘moth eye’ antireflection surface is a very fine array of protuberances which behaves as a gradation of refractive index, and which substantially reduces the reflectance. The reflection and transmission properties of such surfaces are described, and are shown to be equal to those of the best multilayer antireflectio…
Simple Scheme for Deriving Atomic Force Constants: Application to SiC
A scheme is presented for deriving atomic force constants that is fairly accurate, yet simple enough to allow determination of the dynamical matrix of bulk solids, relaxed and reconstructed surfaces, defects, etc. For illustrative purposes, the method is applied to bulk SiC to predict the phonon dispersion curves thro…
Some Challenges in Grafting to Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
Grafting reactions to cellulose and its derivatives began in the early 1950's. There has been intense research and development activity in the field since those early days and many hundreds of papers and patents have been published. In spite of all this effort there has been comparatively little commercialization of t…
Graft Copolymerization of Lignocellulosic Fibers
Grafting reactions to cellulose and its derivatives began in the early 1950's. There has been intense research and development activity in the field since those early days and many hundreds of papers and patents have been published. In spite of all this effort there has been comparatively little commercialization of t…
ESCA spectrum and band structure of ruthenium chloride
Electron spectroscopy chemical analysis (ESCA) is carried out on a sample of ruthenium chloride, RuCl3, with X-ray excitation (XPS). The spectra are interpreted, taking into account the optical properties of the material and the known general principles governing the band structures of transition metal compounds with…
Raman spectroscopic studies of the polymorphism in ZrO2 at high pressures
The Raman spectra of Zro2 at high pressures are measured at room temperature using a diamondanvil pressure-cell. Two kinds of pressure transmitting medium, methanol and Nacl, are used to see the effect of stress components on the phase transformation. The pressure of phase transformation shows a considerable differenc…
A hard-disk system in a narrow box. I. Thermodynamic properties
The partition function and thermodynamic properties of a system of hard discs (of diameter σ) in a periodic box of width D⩽√3̄σ was calculated analytically.
Infrared study of electron-molecular vibration interactions and phase transitions in the organic conductors (TMTTF)2X (X = BF−4, ClO−4, and PF−6) and TMTTF-bromanil
The infrared (4000–200 cm−1) absorption spectra of powder samples of (TMTTF)2X (X = BF−4, ClO−4, and PF−6) and of TMTTF-bromanil at temperatures 300 ≳T≳15 K are investigated. Polarized absorption spectra of oriented polycrystalline films of the bromanil complex in the same temperature range are also reported. Spectral…
Thermally stimulated currents from positively corona-charged polypropylene films
Thermally stimulated currents from positively corona-charged polypropylene films which were heat treated at various temperatures have been studied in the temperature range 20–165 °C. Three peaks are observed in the TSC spectra. Intensities of these peaks strongly depend on the thermal history of the sample films. A th…
A nematic liquid crystal storage display based on bistable boundary layer configurations
We describe a new twisted nematic liquid crystal display effect exhibiting bistable equilibrium states under an applied field. Each state is characterized by a boundary layer configuration whose properties provide for optical differentiation of the states. The basic principles, optics, and switching properties of this…
Cation insertion reactions of electrochromic tungsten and iridium oxide films
Electrochemical coloration mechanisms of electrochromic (EC), amorphous tungsten and iridium oxide films have been investigated by direct elemental analysis of their compositions in oxidized and reduced states. Combined Rutherford backscattering and nuclear-reaction-analysis techniques were employed to determine the i…
Local-field effect in optical reflectance from adsorbed overlayers
The importance of the local-field effect in differential reflectance spectroscopy is demonstrated by means of numerical calculations done for the system of argon adsorbed on an aluminum substrate at two coverages. The calculations show that peaks in differential reflectance are not simply proportional to the adsorbate…