Materials Literature
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Oxides with the cubic fluorite structure, e.g., ceria (CeO2), are known to be good solid electrolytes when they are doped with cations of lower valence than the host cations. The high ionic conductivity of doped ceria makes it an attractive electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells, whose prospects as an environmentally…
The aberrations of a spherical lens composed of left-handed materials are studied in this letter. Five Seidel aberrations (spherical, coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion) as a function of the refractive index n and shape factor q of the lens are considered. Our numerical calculations show that the negat…
Variable-angle ellipsometry has been used to characterize oligothiophene crystals with principal axes inclined at an angle to the surface normal. The results allow deducing with high sensitivity the orientation of the molecules in these anisotropic and absorbing organic solids, thus allowing one to follow the evolutio…
A new electric furnace has been designed and fabricated for measurements of the high‐resolution synchrotron radiation powder diffraction profiles from materials at high temperatures up to 1807 K in air, suitable for the multiple‐detector system installed at the BL‐4B 2 experimental station of the Photon Factory, Tsuku…
A high-brightness electron beam of more than 1011Asr−1m−2 was achieved from a graphite nanoneedle cathode, which was fabricated by simple hydrogen plasma etching of a graphite rod. A field emission was obtained at a high residual pressure of 10−6Torr. The performance of this cold cathode was demonstrated by the fabric…
Epilithic algae of the River Danube were investigated alongside the river from the source streams Breg and Brigach up to the end of the Hungarian stretch. Beside the data acquisition about the species composition of epilithic algae, diatom-based water quality analysis was performed with the aid of the widely used Euro…
We present a direct observation of nanoscale ferroelectric domain pinning centers in lithium niobate crystals. A high-voltage atomic force microscope has been used to tailor nanodomain structures in LiNbO3 crystal with high defect concentration. Domain pinning and depinning events have been captured following thermall…
We report the effects of biaxial strain on the charge ordering temperature Tco of the mixed-valent manganite perovskite oxide Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3. Thin films were grown on SrTiO3, which has a 1.3% larger in-plane lattice parameter. Other substrates were used for comparison. Transport measurements combined with data from el…
AlN–SiC ceramics composed of AlN–SiC solid solutions were fabricated by pressureless sintering without sintering additives. The microstructure and electrical properties of the AlN–SiC ceramics were investigated for compositions between 0 and 75 mol% AlN. The AlN–SiC ceramics had a porous structure, and a 2H polytype w…
Although nanocrystalline diamond/β-SiC composite gradient interlayers have been successfully deposited in dealing with the problem of diamond thin-film adhesion to metallic substrates, initial growth process of the two components has not been described, so far. In this letter, we propose that the deposition of composi…
Abstract Summary: The ordering behavior of the nanocomposites of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) with a cylindrical triblock copolymer of polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(ethylene‐ co ‐butylene)‐ block ‐polystyrene (SEBS) has been investigated by temperature‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and rheomet…
In the electrochemical transistor of a single-walled carbon nanotube, we introduced the fourth terminal, which works as a reference electrode. This enables accurate control of change in gate voltage, i.e., potential difference between the electrolyte and the source electrode, and quantitative analyses of the gate capa…
Ca Bi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CBTi144) thin films were evaluated for use as lead-free thin-film piezoelectrics in microelectromechanical systems. The films were grown by the polymeric precursor method on (100)Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrates. The a∕b-axis orientation of the ferroelectric film is considered to be associated with the pref…
Element specific magnetization has been determined at the surface and in the bulk of Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al Heusler alloy films grown on α-Al2O3 and capped by Al, using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism both in transmission and total electron yield. The magnetic moments for Co and Fe are considerably reduced at the upper sur…
We suggest double-resonant (binary) metamaterials composed of two types of magnetic resonant elements, and demonstrate that in the nonlinear regime such metamaterials provide unique possibilities for phase-matched parametric interaction and enhanced second-harmonic generation.
Charging mechanisms of trapped, element-selectively excited free SiO2 nanoparticles by soft x rays are reported. The absolute charge state of the particles is measured and the electron emission probability is derived. Changes in electron emission processes as a function of photon energy and particle charge are obtaine…
An equilibrium phase diagram satisfying the Gibbs phase rule is computed for the PbZrO3-PbTiO3 (PZT) system from a low-order Landau expansion in the approximation of the theory of regular solutions. We show that in the equilibrium phase diagram, miscibility gaps replace the morphotropic phase boundary and the paraelec…
Metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor capacitors with Pb(Zr0.53,Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric layer and dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) insulator layer were fabricated and characterized. The measured memory window of 0.86V was close to the theoretical value ΔW≈2dfEc≈0.78V at a sweep voltage of 8V. The size of the memor…
We present optically pumped emission data for ZnO, showing that high excitation effects and stimulated emission/lasing are observed in nanocrystalline ZnO thin films at room temperature, although such effects are not seen in bulk material of better optical quality. A simple model of exciton density profiles is develop…
This study examined the effects of permanent residual compressive stress on the ferroelectric properties of PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT) films that was induced during cooling after annealing. PZT films were deposited on the tensile side of elastically bent silicon substrates by rf magnetron sputtering using a single oxide targe…