Materials Literature
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Abstract The surfaces and interfaces of usual electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) such as stabilized zirconia and doped ceria tend to be covered strongly by glassy phases consisting of SiO2, Na2O, and other glass‐forming oxides. Even in case of very clean single crystals a “monolayer” of impurities of simi…
Received 13 November 2010DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.249902© 2010 The American Physical Society
Abstract The application of renewable energy sources requires buffer technology between energy generation and consumption. Energy must be converted into a storable energy carrier such as hydrogen to ensure long‐term supply to the energy consumer. The components under consideration for the conversion processes and for…
Abstract The thermodynamic equilibrium gas compositions have been calculated for typical cases related to the use of methanol reformers in connection with fuel cells. Both steam reforming and partial oxidation with steam, air and methanol are considered. Using these basic considerations as guidelines, different reacto…
Abstract One way to increase performance of cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is utilization of platinum bimetallic alloys with transition metals. These systems have demonstrated great potential to overcome the existing limitations in fuel cell technology. Being the main obstacle in fuel ce…
In a recent paper Yanagisawa et al. [1] claim from a theoretical analysis of a multi-channel multi-band superconductor model that an inverse isotope exponent on the superconducting transition temperature Tc can be realized in iron-based superconductors. Simultaneously, a subgroup of the authors of Ref. 1 performed the…
Abstract The principle of energy conservation determines the energy balance equation which can be generally formulated as the sum of single rates of energy input and output, energy production and accumulation. In a fuel cell, the balance takes into account the thermal and the electrical energy. There are three modes o…
Abstract The underlying background and present development of methanol tolerant electrocatalysts, selective for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), are presented. These catalysts are essentially metal‐centered (ruthenium) clusters or cluster‐like compounds. These clusters, partially embedded in a chalcogenide matrix…
Abstract The polymer fuel cell electrode (PFCE), consisting of platinum particles or platinum alloy particles supported on carbon particles and proton‐conducting ionomer binder, is one of the most important components in the fuel cell. The three‐dimensional (3‐D) imaging technique is important for the precise characte…
Abstract The “Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project”, also known asthe Fuel Cell Vehicle and Infrastructure Learning Demonstration, is a 5‐year US Department of Energy (DOE) project started in 2004. The purpose of this project is to conduct an integrated field validation tha…
Abstract This article summarizes the general features of the degradation behavior of those solid oxide fuel cells stacks/systems that have to meet the requirements for chemical as well as mechanical compatibilities in addition to normal requirements concerning respective cell components. Sealless tubular stacks develo…
Abstract This chapter describes the application of in situ surface X‐ray scattering (SXS) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to the problems of fuel cell electrocatalysis. It is shown that SXS is well suited for studying single crystal electrode surfaces during electrocatalytic reactions. The structure of surface…
Abstract The historical overview of high temperature fuel cells, namely, the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), is attempted from the viewpoint of materials development and conversion efficiency. The similarity in materials issues between MCFCs and SOFCs is described with emphasis…
Abstract This chapter describes the aqueous borohydride solution as a hydrogen storage system. Its applications for supplying gaseous hydrogen to the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell are introduced. The contribution describes the borohydride system as a liquid hydride and consists of the following four main topi…
Abstract This article deals with the durability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes, especially perovskites of the lanthanum–strontium–manganite (LSM) and lanthanum–strontium–cobalt–ferrite (LSCF) types. Both cathode materials were characterized with respect to either the intrinsic degradation behavior depending…
Abstract In this chapter the general requirements for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes and several ways of implementing them are described. The transport properties of cathode structures based on different perovskite type metal oxides are the main focus. Various possible reaction pathways for the two classes of c…
Abstract The 35 year history of phosphoric acid fuel cell stack development at United Technologies Corporation is traced through three generations of power plants that culminated in the 200 kW ™PC‐25 fuel cell power plant. The evolution of stack materials and designs for the electrolyte retaining matrix, electrode sub…
This report describes radioactive effluents from commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the United States. This information was reported by the licensees for radioactive discharges that occurred in 2007. The report provides information relevant to the potential impact of NPPs on the environment and on public health.
Abstract Cell processing is a key element to providing technical quality and moreover limiting the cost of manufacturing. The processing of cells for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) mostly involves powder technology using suitable methods for the production of bulk as well as layer structured components. The different…
Abstract In this chapter, we review briefly the development of a class of highly promising platinum monolayer electrocatalysts that are characterized by a high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction, almost complete platinum utilization, and good long term performance stability. The properties of these electrocata…