Materials Literature
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We describe director distortions in the nematic liquid crystal (LC) caused by a spherical particle with tangential surface orientation of the director and show that light transmittance through the distorted region is a steep function of the particle's size. The effect allows us to propose a real-time microbial sensor…
We derive an extension of the mode-coupling theory for the liquid-glass transition to a class of models of confined fluids, where the fluid particles evolve in a disordered array of interaction sites. We find that the corresponding equations are similar to those describing the bulk, implying that the methods of invest…
The spin dynamics are calculated for a model system consisting of magnetically soft, layered nanomagnets, in which two ferromagnetic (F) cylindrical dots, each with a magnetic vortex ground state, are separated by a non-magnetic spacer (N). This permits a study of the effects of interlayer magnetostatic interactions o…
We report the electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$, Hall coefficient ${R}_{\mathrm{H}}$, thermoelectric power $S$, specific heat $C$, and thermal conductivity $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ on single crystals of the type-VIII clathrate ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{16}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{30}$ grown from Sn-flux. Negative $…
We consider a quasiclassical model that allows us to simulate the process of spin diffusion and relaxation in the presence of a highly nonuniform magnetic field. The energy of the slow relaxing spins flows to the fast relaxing spins due to the dipole-dipole interaction between the spins. The magnetic field gradient su…
Glass transition behavior of nanoscopically thin polymer films is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We study thin polymer films composed of bead−spring model chains and supported on an idealized fcc lattice substrate surface. The impact on the glass transition temperature of the strength of poly…
Predicting and characterizing the crystal structure of materials is a key problem in materials research and development. We report the results of ab initio LDA/GGA computations for the following systems: AgAu, AgCd, AgMg, AgMo*, AgNa, AgNb*, AgPd, AgRh*, AgRu*, AgTc*, AgTi, AgY, AgZr, AlSc, AuCd, AuMo*, AuNb, AuPd, Au…
Periodic ripples generated from the off-normal incidence ion beam bombardment of solid surfaces have been observed to propagate with a dispersion in the velocity. We investigate this ripple behaviour by means of a Monte Carlo model of the erosion process, in conjuction with one of two different surface diffusion mecha…
An experimental study has been conducted on the penetration of silicone rubbers and human skin in vivo by sharp-tipped and flat-bottomed cylindrical punches. A penetrometer was developed to measure the penetration of human skin in vivo, while a conventional screw-driven testing machine was used to penetrate the silico…
We propose a simple theory describing the influence of nanoparticles on thermodynamics of binary polymer mixture. In particular, we consider the case in which nanoparticles preferentially segregate into one of the polymeric components. Depending on the particle radius R p and the polymer degree of polymerization N, ad…
A set of carboxylate-functionalized poly(phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) has been synthesized in which the carboxylic acid groups are separated from the polymer backbone by oligo(ethylene glycol) spacer units. These polymers are soluble in water and organic solvents and have photophysical properties that are sensitive t…
A polymer-memory device based on a copolymer containing carbazole (donor) and Eu-complex (acceptor) groups in a metal/insulator/metal architecture is described. The nonvolatile device has two distinctive bistable conductivity states, and exhibits a high ON/OFF current ratio, a fast response time, and acceptable retent…
Abstract Investigation of single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)–polymer solar cells has been conducted towards developing alternative lightweight, flexible devices for space power applications. Photovoltaic devices were constructed with regioregular poly(3‐octylthiophene)‐(P3OT) and purified, >95% w/w, laser‐generated…
Molecular interactions controlling the sorption of pollutants to environmental black carbons (soot, charcoal) are not well-resolved. Sorption of a series of aromatic compounds was studied to wood charcoal and nonporous graphite powder as a model adsorbent. Issues of concern were the possible involvement of pi-pi elect…
Monodisperse spherical Ni nanoparticles with diameters of 2 nm, 5 nm, and 7 nm were synthesized from the thermal decomposition of a Ni–oleylamine complex. Ni nanocrystal superlattices were generated via the controlled evaporation of solvent (see Figure). The nanoparticles were successfully used as catalysts for the Su…
Silver nanoparticles can be coated on common polyurethane (PU) foams by overnight exposure of the foams to nanoparticle solutions. Repeated washing and air-drying yields uniformly coated PU foam, which can be used as a drinking water filter where bacterial contamination of the surface water is a health risk. Nanoparti…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTTGIC Separation of PS-b-P2VP Diblock and P2VP-b-PS-b-P2VP Triblock Copolymers According to Chemical CompositionDonghyun Cho, Atsushi Noro, Atsushi Takano, and Yushu MatsushitaView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Univers…
The structure, morphology, and growth behavior of aspartame form I-A are presented. This form can be obtained from a purely aqueous solution and is the form with the highest industrial importance. The aspartame molecules are arranged around large hydrophilic channels filled with water molecules. The crystal morphology…
The electronic structure of single-wall carbon nanotubes embedded in a crystal matrix is calculated by means of a linear-augmented cylindrical wave method. A delocalization of the nanotube electrons into the matrix region results in a strong band-structure perturbation. In the case of armchair nanotubes, the delocaliz…
Typical two-dimensional surface pressures prevalent within floating monolayer (Langmuir) films are on the order of a few dozen megapascals. One might expect, therefore, that some chemical reactions should be directly and strongly affected by this surface pressure, along with the well-known effect of pressure on the or…