Materials Literature
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The dragline silk from Nephila clavipes was studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction in its original state, after supercontraction to L/Lo = 0.46, and during re-extension to its original length Lo. The fibers were carefully dried before each exposure. The molecular orientation in the crystalline regions is found to fol…
This paper presents a general framework for the formulation of constitutive models that incorporate a localized dissipative mechanism. The formalism of strong discontinuities is employed, allowing for the decoupling of the constitutive characterization of the continuum and localized responses of the material. A proced…
The influence of calcium and zinc ions on the corrosion inhibition effect of 1‐hydroxyethane‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid (HEDP) on carbon steel has been investigated by electrochemical techniques, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Addition of calcium or zinc ions greatly increased the inhibition…
The ferroelectric relaxor behavior in Bi-doped ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ was studied in the temperature range 1.5--300 K and up to 400 MHz. Some interesting results are shown: (1) Typical ferroelectric relaxor behavior develops out of the other impurity relaxation modes. The ferroelectric relaxor peaks occur on the quant…
Encapsulated types of contrast agents possess a specific acoustical signature. When the applied acoustic pressure exceeds a specific threshold, the scattering level increases abruptly for a short time. A “dualistic” character of the encapsulated gas bubbles explains this signature, observed for Quantison™ (air bubbles…
It is demonstrated that polyaniline can be solubilized in nitromethane via complexation with SnCl 4 . The solutions of PANI−SnCl 4 complex show UV−vis−NIR spectral features distinctly different from those reported for Brönsted acid doped PANI. The removal of the solvent results in the formation of a free-standing film…
A new self-consistent field theory (SCFT) method is introduced for evaluating the exact mean-field elastic properties of a diblock copolymer monolayer separating two immiscible homopolymer phases. The method is illustrated on ternary blends of A- and B-type homopolymers of equal size blended with AB diblock copolymers…
Manipulation of azobenzene moieties in polymer liquid crystals (PLCs) in three dimensions by means of unpolarized light is demonstrated here. When cis-azobenzenes, produced by irradiation for 1 min with unpolarized light at 366 nm, were subsequently irradiated at 436 nm, the resulting trans-azobenzenes could be aligne…
The texture of electroplated Cu lines of 0.375, 0.5 and 1.5 μm widths with Ta and TiN barrier layers was analyzed using x-ray pole figure and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Both techniques indicate a strong (111) fiber texture relative to the bottom surface of the trench for samples with a Ta barr…
Pulsed neutron-diffraction measurements were carried out on powder samples of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $(0<~x<~0.5)$ in order to study the local atomic structure of this system known for its colossal magnetoresistance phenomenon. The results are analyzed in terms of t…
A series of Ln(III) complexes of the type [Ln (BPSYT)2-NO3l. nH2O (where Ln = La, Ce, Pr. Nd. Sm. Eu, Gd, Tb. DY, Er, Yb. Y; HPSYT = 3-N-methylpiperidino-4-salicylideneamino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and n = 1-3) have been syntheeized by the direct reaction of 3-N-methylpiperjdino-4-salicylidene-amino-5-mercapto-l,2,4…
Thermal analysis is widely used in foundry to control melt preparation of cast irons. Its great versatility explains that many attempts have been made in the past to use it not only for controlling the composition but also to check the melt treatment in relation with the expected microstructure. Moreover, it has been…
Abstract The kaolinized granites of St. Austell, England, are worked to produce a range of china clay products, for some of which the kaolin has to meet stringent particle shape and size specifications. Systematic petrographic study indicates that kaolin occurs in the form of two textural types: (i) finely crystalline…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The aim of this work was to investigate the wear mechanisms occurring in passenger car diesel engine inlet valves and seat inserts using a bench test-rig designed to simulate the loading environment and contact conditions to which the valve and seat are subjected.</div> <…
The reaction of the random styrene/butadiene copolymer (SBR) with two functional thiols (thioglycolic acid and its aliphatic ester) in the presence of free radical initiators is described. The reaction leads to addition of the thiol group to the vinyl double bonds of the 1,2-butadiene units of the copolymer with high…
Empirical equations have been developed to predict the gross and the net heats of combustion of organosilicon compounds based on the atomic contribution method. The average absolute percent error is 1.4%∼1.5% for the predictions. In addition, an empirical equation has been developed to predict the lower flammability l…
The process of electrophoresis/dielectrophoresis of shock-synthesized nanodiamond powders on the large-area Si field emission arrays was studied. The process was found to be very sensitive to the modification of nanodiamond powder. The growth rate and film morphology of nanodiamond coatings on Si tips were investigate…
An ultrasonic technique is used to develop a method based on the measurement of both ultrasonic velocity and temperature of the supersaturated media for the on-line determination of the supersaturation. It is demonstrated by the example of aqueous K2SO4 solution in a seeded batch crystallizer. The feasibility of this…
Algorithms are presented for three-dimensional crystallographic space groups, handling tasks such as the generation of symmetry operations, the characterization of symmetry operations (determination of rotation-part type, axis direction, sense of rotation, screw or glide part and location part), the determination of s…
We discuss polymer brushes containing a small fraction of minority chains that differ from the majority brush-forming chains both in length and in chemical structure. We consider the situation that the solvent is good for both types of chain. Furthermore, we assume that the minority chains are longer than the brush ch…