Materials Literature
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Abstract The preparation of 4‐methyl‐4‐trichloromethyl cyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone by treatment of p ‐cresol with aluminum chloride in carbon tetrachloride is generally referred to as the Zincke–Suhl reaction. This reaction has been compared with the Friedel–Crafts alkylation. The study finds that BF 3 and SnCl 4 are not ef…
Extended release formulations of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) potentially would offer therapeutic advantages. To date, the benefits of a formulation containing crystalline rhGH (including increased protein stability, high protein concentration with low viscosity, and an extended half-life) have remained unr…
This chapter contains sections titled: Smearing of Stiffness Properties (Equivalent Stiffness) Failure Modes of a Stiffened Panel Additional Considerations for Stiffened Panels Exercises References
Abstract The transformation of an acyl chloride into corresponding aldehyde by the hydrogenation in a toluene solution over barium sulfate‐supported palladium is generally referred to as the Rosenmund reduction. It has been reported that the reduction of unsaturated acyl chlorides in some cases result in the overreduc…
Abstract The inversion of configuration at a chiral center during the bimolecularly nucleophilic substitution (or displacement)—that is, SN2 reaction that occurs at the chiral center is generally known as the Walden inversion. Few examples of the Walden inversion have been discussed, for example conversion of L‐malic…
[pt] A crescente demanda por dispositivos portáveis de tamanho e peso cada vez mais reduzidos vem estimulando a busca por materiais de alta constante dielétrica e baixas perdas na faixa de freqüência de microondas capazes de permitir a integração e miniaturização de circuitos. No presente trabalho foi realizado um est…
Abstract Kolbe–Schmidt reaction involves the preparation of ortho ‐ or para ‐hydroxyl benzoic acid from carbon dioxide and sodium or potassium phenolate. This reaction is also known as the Kolbe–Schmidt carboxylation or Kolbe–Schmidt synthesis. It has been found that the sodium phenolate always contributes to the form…
Abstract Photocatalyst mediated photoelectrochemical processes can make use of the photogenerated electrons and holes onsite for photocatalytic redox reactions, and enable the harness and conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, in analogy to natural photosynthesis. However, the photocatalysts available to dat…
This and the previous issue of the Journal are dedicated to the Italian Association for Stress Analysis (AIAS). Founded in 1971, the Association gathers together researches from academia, research centres and industries devoted to the investigation on experimental mechanics and stress analysis in general. The activiti…
The micro-fluidic environment has a significant influence on a cell's viability, proliferation, and differentiation. Taking scaffold tissue engineering as an example, regulating wall shear stress (WSS) to a physiological level is considered critical to cell attachment and osteoblastic differentiation. To create such a…
Abstract The Keck macrolactonization is a carbodiimide promoted esterification to form a macrolactone in the presence of a nitrogenous base. This reaction has been applied in the preparation of macrolactones.
The NTS solid waste disposal sites must be permitted by the state of Nevada Solid Waste Management Authority (SWMA). The SWMA for the NTS is the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Federal Facilities (NDEP/BFF). The U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Off…
Abstract The Stobbe condensation is a strong base (e.g., NaOEt) promoted condensation between a ketone (or aldehyde) and a dialkyl ester of diacid (e.g., succinate) in an alcoholic solution to form a half ester of the substituted itaconate. It has been reported that the Stobbe condensation involving a ketone usually g…
This thesis deals with deterioration observed in cement-concrete cover (CBK) for three selected road sections of highways in the Czech Republic. The main objective was to determine whether concrete failure arose due to alkali-silica reaction, or other mechanism. The deterioration of concrete failure was observed in th…
Artificial ponds are excellent for the study of phytoplankton ecology. They permit repeatable initial conditions and sufficient replication of independent experimental units in complex experiments to test hypotheses about the control of structure and function in natural communities. There were 20 experimental ponds co…
The aim of this diploma thesis was to describe species composition and biomass of phytoplankton in the Tatra Mountains lakes (Slovakia, Poland) and environmental factors influencing them. The surface layer of 89 lakes was sampled in September 2004. Flagellates from Chrysophyta, Dinophyta and Cryptophyta most frequentl…
We investigate the effects of magnetic and electric fields on electron wavefunction interactions in single walled carbon nanotube bundles. The magnetoresistance measurements performed at 4.2K and the dependence of the data upon the electric field, obtained by varying the bias current through the samples, reveal good a…
This paper, as literature retrieval, evaluates progressive trends in development of technologies for energetic use of fossil fuels. The introduction is focused on reasons for increase of energetic efficiency of combustion processes, especially reasons for using of fossil fuels and their consumption over the world and…
The fabrication of well-defined, atomically sharp substrate surfaces over a wide range of lattice parameters is reported, which is crucial for atomically regulated epitaxial growth of complex oxide heterostructures. By applying a framework for controlled selective wet etching of complex oxides on the stable rare-earth…
The phase behaviors of two-site associating Lennard-Jones(LJ) fluid confined in slit pores were investigated by using the modified fundamental measure theory (MFMT) and density functional theory (DFT). The phase equilibria were determined according to the requirement that temperature, chemical potential and grand pote…