Materials Literature
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Abstract The hydrogenation of natural rubber (NR) and various epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR) was investigated by using diimide generated in situ from the thermal decomposition of p ‐toluenesulfonylhydrazide (TSH) in o ‐xylene solution at 135°C. 1 H‐NMR analysis indicated that approximately 85–95% of hydrogenation wa…
We consider the problem of cooling a two-dimensional heat generating conducting volume with one heat sink, such that the smallest features of the internal structure are so small that the conventional description of conduction breaks down. The effective thermal conductivity exhibits the “size effect,” and is governed b…
Anthracites with different mineral matter content and composition but similar organic matter composition and, therefore, microtexture were obtained by consecutive immersion in mixtures of organic liquids of increasing density from an anthracite with a low degree of graphitizability, thus reducing the characteristics o…
Abstract Broken symmetry B3LYP‐DFT calculations on three‐ and four‐spin systems, namely the complexes [{Cu(bpca) 2 (H 2 O) 2 }{Cu(NO 3 ) 2 } 2 ], (bpca = Bis(2‐pyridylcarbonyl)amine), 1, and [Cu(DBSQ)(C 2 H 5 O)] 2 , (DBSQ = 3,5‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐semiquinonato), 2, have been performed. A procedure to compute the exchang…
We have conducted electromigration experiments and modeling on Cu Damascene structures surrounded by different interlevel dielectric ILD and Cu-cap materials. We have determined the mechanical properties of the surrounding ILD and Cu cap to play a key role in the critical stress change to void nucleation (Δσcrit), whi…
Transport properties of polycrystalline TMGa3 (TM=Fe, Ru, and Os) compounds are reported in the temperature range 313K<T<973K. These compounds exhibit semiconductorlike behavior with relatively high Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity. Hall carrier concentrations at room temperature are report…
The residual stress in thin films is a major limiting factor for obtaining high quality films. We present a strategy for stress reduction in sputter deposited films by using a nanostructured compliant layer obtained by the oblique angle deposition technique, sandwiched between the film and the substrate. The technique…
Porous tungsten oxide nanoparticle films were prepared by reactive gas evaporation. The structure was studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and the oxygen nonstoichiometry was inferred by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, and neutron scattering. Specifically,…
We investigated the relationships among the deposition potential, the electric properties, and the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 films electrodeposited from a solution containing 1.00mM TeO2 and 0.86mM Bi-EDTA complex. From the results of the Hall-effect measurements, the films formed at >−0.27V vs Ag∕AgC…
Boron nitride (BN) nanocage clusters (B n N n : n = 12–60), endohedral BN clusters Y@B n N n , and BN nanotubes were synthesized by an arc-melting method, and characterized by mass spectrometry and high-resolution electron microscopy. The BN clusters consisted of 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-membered BN rings satisfying the iso…
In addition to a mirrorlike (${\mathrm{M}\mathrm{g}}_{2}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}$) and a transparent (${\mathrm{M}\mathrm{g}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{H}}_{4}$) state, thin films of ${\mathrm{M}\mathrm{g}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ exhibit a remarkable black state with low reflection over the entire…
Singlets annihilated: A single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopic study of multichromophoric peryleneimide-substituted polyphenylene-core dendrimers under various conditions indicates that increased intersystem crossing (see graphic) as a consequence of an annihilation process might represent a general motif for incr…
We have systematically measured the electrical resistivities and thermopowers of transparent tin-doped indium oxide films. We found that the resistivities obey the Bloch-Grüneisen law between 25 and 300K, whereas below 25K, the resistivities slightly increase logarithmically with the decreasing temperature due to the…
The magnetic properties of $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ particles, in powder form and dispersed in a polymer at different concentrations (17.6%, 1.5%), have been investigated by magnetization and ESR measurements. Below the ferrimagnetic transition temperature $({T}_{c…
Abstract A study was carried out on the effects of interactions between nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) and silica on the developments of agglomerates by silica particles and of bound rubber in NBR/silica composites. The mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated in relation to the structure develop…
Abstract Grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) onto natural rubber (NR) has been investigated by using a radical initiated grafting process. NR was masticated to lower molecular weight than the original NR before treatment with 0.5–1.5% by mole of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 5–25% by mole of MA in toluene solution. Fourier…
A facile and versatile modification strategy: A chemically activated method of covalently derivatising carbon powder, via the chemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts with hypophosphorous acid, to include the covalent derivatisation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is demonstrated. The specific molecular env…
The preparation, X-ray crystallography and magnetic investigation of the compounds PPh4[Cr(bipy)(CN)4].2 CH3CN.H2O (1) (mononuclear), [[Cr(bipy)(CN)4]2Mn-(H2O)4].4H2O (2) (trinuclear), [[Cr(bipy)(CN)4]2Mn(H2O)2] (3) (chain) and [[Cr(bipy)(CN)4]2Mn(H2O)].H2O.CH3CN (4) (double chain) [bipy=2,2'-bipyridine; PPh4 (+)=tetr…
The influence of Bi doping upon the phase change characteristics of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloys has been investigated using four-point-probe electrical resistance measurements, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray reflectometry (XRR) and variable incident angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, a static tester and atomic f…
From Maxwell's equations and the Poynting theorem, the time-domain electric and magnetic energy densities are generally defined in the frequency-dispersive media based on the conservation of energy. As a consequence, a general definition of electric and magnetic energy is proposed. Comparing with existing formulations…