Materials Literature
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Second cheese whey (SCW) is a by-product of cheese and curd cheese production that is usually not recovered and therefore contributes substantially to the negative environmental impact of the cheese manufacture plants. Membrane technology, namely nanofiltration (NF), is used in this work for the recovery of SCW organi…
We studied experimentally thermoelectric properties of p-type bulk crystals of Pb 1-x Mn x Te and Pb 1-x-y Ag y Mn x Te (0 x 0.083 and y 0.017) at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Model calculations of the thermoelectric figure of merit parameter (Z) involved the analysis of carrier concentration, carrier mobili…
Molecular orientation distributions in both the crystalline and amorphous regions of uniaxially oriented isotactic polypropylene (it.PP) films were determined by polarized Raman spectroscopy. By comparing polarized Raman scattering intensities of a highly oriented film for different polarization scattering geometries,…
A simple method for achieving high-contrast vertical alignment of lateral difluoro-terphenyl liquid crystals using buffed polyimide substrates is demonstrated. By doping a positive, nonpolar or negative dielectric anisotropic compound or mixture to the host terphenyl liquid crystals, an excellent vertical alignment is…
A stress-oriented formation of plate-shaped Guinier–Preston (GP) zones in single crystals of a Cu–0.9 wt.% Be alloy aged at 200°C has been found. A compressive stress applied in the [001] direction assists the formation of the GP zones perpendicular to the [001] axis, while a tensile stress results in the preferential…
To develop low melting point filler metals for brazing TiNi shape memory alloy (SMA) and stainless steel (SS), a series of Ag–22Cu–Zn–Sn (wt-%) filler metals have been studied. Using differential thermal analysis (DTA) analysis, the melting temperatures of Ag–22Cu–Zn–Sn filler metals were determined. The results show…
In this article, we explain the contrast-formation mechanisms of the scanning-electron microscope for insulating samples under a nonpenetrating irradiation condition. Our fundamental point is that the detected secondary-electron signal current is only modified by the surface potential distribution. We propose a semiem…
Abstract Summary: We report on the preparation and properties of soy protein isolate (SPI)‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐polycaprolactone‐triol (PCL‐T) films obtained by solvent casting from solutions containing variable amounts of SDS or SDS/PCL‐T. It is shown that the mechanical and thermal properties, and the morpho…
The taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the fossil marine diatom resting spore genera Dicladia Ehrenberg, Monocladia Suto and Syndendrium Ehrenberg are discussed. The three genera are probably the fossil resting spores of Chaetoceros and Chaetoceros-related genera, and are characterized by dichotomous branching processes…
We have demonstrated a new type of lasing mode in a dye-doped 100-µm-thick nematic liquid crystal layer sandwiched between two polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal films functioning as a photonic crystal. The fabricated cell exhibits several characteristic dips in the transmittance spectrum in addition to fine fringes…
Abstract Well‐defined ω‐cholesteryl poly( n ‐hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC–Chol), as well as diblock copolymers of n ‐hexyl isocyanate (HIC) with styrene, PS‐ b ‐PHIC [PS = polystyrene; PHIC = poly( n ‐hexyl isocyanate)], and triblock terpolymers with styrene and isoprene, PS‐ b ‐PI‐ b ‐PHIC and PI‐ b ‐PS‐ b ‐PHIC (PI = pol…
Abstract The liquid crystal acryl compounds, in which the molecular directions were aligned by the rubbing method, were polymerized by UV irradiation, to provide the free‐standing aligned films of 200‐μm thickness. The relation between the thermal conductivity and the aligned molecular direction of the films was inves…
The diatom assemblages within phototrophic biofilms in secondary treatment tanks of the Fiumicino Airport (Rome, Italy) wastewater treatment plant were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were made between assemblages in sedimentation and chlorination tanks, on the tank walls and artificial substrat…
The electrochemical behavior and mechanisms of carbon steel cavitation corrosion in neutral sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution were studied by means of the cavitation corrosion apparatus, using the methods of weight loss, electrochemistry, and the observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results sho…
The differential theory of diffraction of light by an arbitrary object described in spherical coordinates is developed. Expanding the fields on the basis of vector spherical harmonics, we reduce the Maxwell equations to an infinite first-order differential set. In view of the truncation required for numerical integrat…
Background: Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide are magnetic resonance contrast agents that are gaining use in the CNS. These agents accumulate in phagocytic cells such as reactive astrocytes and macrophages. Aim: We aimed to describe the use of ferumoxtran-10, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic particle…
Atomic layer deposition, a highly uniform and conformal deposition process, was utilized to fill trenches of various high aspect-ratio nano-grating structures. Dielectric (e.g., SiO2), metal (e.g., aluminum), and dielectric/metal (e.g., Au∕SiO2) hybrid nano-gratings with a linewidth down to <50nm and an aspect ratio u…
Recent experiments show that the long looked for thermotropic biaxial nematic phase is finally stabilized in a low mass liquid crystalline system. Inspired by this experimental observation we concentrate on some theoretical issues concerned with this phase. In particular we show that the simplest Lebwohl–Lasher biaxia…
An approach to the refinement of crystal structures by reduced experimental data is developed. The anisotropic method of intermeasurement minimization is used to refine the parameters determining the absorption of radiation in the cases when some factors are not known with sufficient accuracy: the specimen sizes, the…
NiTi shape memory alloys can be used as actor materials and perform mechanical work; they can also be used for damping applications. In combination with polymers their functionality can be increased. Shape memory effects of NiTi alloys are associated with large strains and in a NiTi/polymer‐composite, the polymer can…