Materials Literature
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Disruptions are a major threat for future tokamaks, including ITER. Disruption-generated heat loads, electromagnetic forces and runaway electrons will not be tolerable for next-generation devices. Massive noble gas injection is foreseen as a standard mitigation system for these tokamaks. Disruption mitigation experime…
Abstract The currently used primary explosives, such as lead azide and lead styphnate, present serious health hazards due to the toxicity of lead. There is a need to replace them with equally energetic but safer‐to‐handle and more environmentally friendly materials. Copper azide is more environmentally acceptable, but…
A few percent of transition metals impregnated inside some biological organisms in nature remarkably improve such organisms' mechanical stability. Although the lure to emulate them for development of new biomimetic structural materials has been great, the practical advances have been rare because of the lack of proper…
Abstract The development of a bidentate aptamer‐functionalized polydiacetylene (PDA) liposome sensor that is capable of specific colorimetric detection of proteins, directly in complex mixtures (e.g., serum), at sub‐micromolar concentrations within 15 min, is reported. In comparison to sensors fabricated with a single…
The mechanical response to compression of a self-assembled gold nanoparticle monolayer and trilayer at the air-liquid interface is examined. Analysis of the film's buckling morphology under compression reveals an anomalously low bending rigidity for both the monolayer and the trilayer, in contrast with continuum elast…
A long-standing challenge in physics is to understand why cementite is the predominant carbide in steel. Here we show that the prevalent formation of cementite can be explained only by considering its stability at elevated temperature. A systematic highly accurate quantum mechanical study was conducted on the stabilit…
Understanding the oxidation of the purines adenine and guanine is primary to improving electrochemical methods of DNA detection and analysis. Adenine in the solution phase is reported to undergo a complex electrochemical oxidation mechanism that is overall a −6H +, −6e − process, involving irreversible chemical steps.…
Although tissue-engineered scaffolds made from collagen sponge are suitable for cell infiltrating, easily supplying oxygen and nutrients to cells, and removing the waste products, their mechanical properties are not satisfactory to be used as scaffold materials for tissue engineering applications. To improve mechanica…
Two chiral three-dimensional (3-D) coordination polymers, [Cd 4 (μ 3 -HPhIDC) 2 (μ 4 -HPhIDC) 2 (H 2 O)] ( 1 ) and two achiral 3-D coordination polymers, [Mn 1.5 (μ 3 -PhIDC)(H 2 O) 3 ] ( 2 ) and [Mn(μ 3 -HPhIDC)(H 2 O)] 2 } ( 3 ), have been synthesized by hydro(solvo)thermal reaction, employing 2-phenyl-1 H -imidazol…
The uranium(IV) terminal oxo species Tp*(2)U(O) has been synthesized by oxygen-atom transfer from pyridine-N-oxide to Tp*(2)U(2,2'-bipyridine), a trivalent uranium species with a monoanionic bipyridine ligand. Full characterization of the oxo species using (1)H NMR and IR spectroscopies, X-ray crystallography, and com…
Solid state crystal structures are discussed and compared for all seven members of the indenocorannulene family that have been recently synthesized by iterative microwave-assisted intramolecular arylations and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. These bowl-shaped polyaromatic hydrocarbons include monoin…
In this research, the condition for uniform lighting generated by array of LEDs with large view angle was studied. The luminous intensity distribution of LED is not monotone decreasing with view angle. A LED with freeform lens was designed as an example for analysis. In a system based on LEDs designed in house with a…
Abstract Fabrication of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) using a high‐throughput printing process has garnered tremendous interest for realizing low‐cost and large‐area flexible electronic devices. Printing of organic semiconductors for active layer of transistor is one of the most critical steps for achieving…
The term 'nanoclay' generically refers to the natural clay mineral, montmorillonite, with silica and alumina as the dominant constituents. The incorporation of nanoclays into polymeric systems dramatically enhances their barrier properties as well as their thermal and mechanical resistance. Consequently, nanoclays are…
We review recent efforts to detect small numbers of nuclear spins using magnetic resonance force microscopy. Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) is a scanning probe technique that relies on the mechanical measurement of the weak magnetic force between a microscopic magnet and the magnetic moments in a sample. S…
In order to explore the reason why the single-layered cuprates, ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}(\mathrm{Sr}/\mathrm{Ba}{)}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ (${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}40\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$) and ${\mathrm{HgBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}90\text{ }\text{ }\m…
It is noticeable that porous architectural characteristics of the biomaterials play an important role in revascularization of the scaffold. However, there has been no consensus regarding the optimal conditions for vascularization, including macropore size, shape, interconnection, and the arrangement of macropores, due…
Stem cells are of widespread interest in regenerative medicine due to their capability of self-renewal and differentiation, which is regulated by their three-dimensional microenvironment. In this study, a computer-aided biofabrication technique based on laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is used to generate grafts…
A simple and straightforward method combines microwave-assisted solvothermal conditions with the coordination modulation method to achieve the size-controlled formation of the porous coordination polymer (PCP), [Cu 3 (btc) 2 ] (where btc represents benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) in the nano/micro regimes. The addition…
Disordered nanocomposites comprised of polyethylene oxide and exfoliated MoS2 are cycled in the voltage range of 0.01−3.0 V. The nanocomposites showed a significant increase in reversible capacity and cycle stability when compared to exfoliated or bulk MoS2 and may be used as anode material in lithium ion batteries.