Materials Literature
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Strengths of attachment of spores of the green fouling alga Enteromorpha to glass have been measured using a modified water jet apparatus. Surface pressures of ∼250 kPa were required to quantitatively remove attached spores after 4 h contact with a surface. The development of adhesive and cohesive strength is highly t…
Electrocaloric effect (ECE) of pure and modified PbSc 1/2 Ta 1/2 O 3 (PST) and its solid solutions and PbMg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 - PbTiO 3 ferroelectric ceramics is studied at different temperatures and external electric field intensities. High value of (ECE) up to 2.3 K is observed in PST ceramics at modification in B subl…
A transparent porous alumina nanostructure was formed on a glass covered tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrate by anodization of a highly pure sputtered aluminum layer. Details of the fabrication and microstructures of porous anodic alumina films are described and a possible mechanism of anodization is outlined. The…
A series of dual conducting polymer based type I supercapacitors were constructed using poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as electrode couples. The switching speeds and cycle lifetimes of these supercapacitors were compared using two types of supporting electrolytes; lithium bis(tr…
This book provides the electrical design engineer with an insight into the properties and applications of electrical steels which are used in transformers and rotating machines. An acknowledged international expert in this field, Professor Beckley describes the principles controlling the action of electrical steels, i…
The biological control of inorganic crystal formation, morphology, and assembly is of interest to biologists and biotechnologists studying hard tissue growth and regeneration, as well as to materials scientists using biomimetic approaches for the control of inorganic material fabrication and assembly. Biomimetics requ…
Employing metal alkoxide as the main inorganic precursor and anhydrous metal chloride as the pH 'adjustor' and hydrolysis-condensation 'controller', very fast preparation of ordered nonsiliceous mesoporous materials has been demonstrated.
In the eighties, studies carried out in Germany and the EU forecasted very large market potentials for composites from flax and other natural fibres. Although considerable research and development was carried out,1 the development of these markets proved far more difficult and long-term than previously expected. The a…
A biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) macroporous scaffold with a regular and highly interconnected structure in the size range from 50 to 150 mu m was fabricated from a PLLA--dioxane--water ternary system with the use of the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. The phase diagram of PLLA with molecu…
The number and type of Cu2+ species present on O2-treated Cu-ZSM5 catalysts (Si/Al = 13.1–14.6) with varying Cu/Al ratios (0.12–0.60) were measured using temperature-programmed reduction in H2 or CO and desorption of O2 with He as the carrier. The effluent stream was monitored using mass spectrometry and the structure…
From failure experience on power transformers, it was very often suspected that inrush currents, occurring when energizing unloaded transformers, were reason for damage. In this paper, it was investigated how mechanical forces within the transformer coils build up under inrush compared to those occurring at short circ…
Ozone decomposition in water in the presence of an activated carbon has been studied. Variables investigated were agitation speed, carbon particle size, temperature and pH. In all cases, the presence of activated carbon improved the ozone decomposition rate. Between pH 2 and 7 the ozone decomposition rate due to both…
The characteristics of selenium in various solvents under solvothermal conditions were investigated in detail and the different dissolution behavior of selenium in the solvents identified. A brown homogeneous solution was obtained in ethylenediamine. This solution is metastable and is a suitable selenium feedstock for…
We examined the adsorption behavior of Cd, Zn, and Pb from mixed solutions on synthetically prepared Hydroxyaluminum (HyA)‐ and Hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS)‐montmorillonite (Mt) complexes within the pH range 4 to 8. Initial concentrations of each metal (Me I ) of 1 × 10 −6 M in binary systems and 1 × 10 −6 , 2 × 10 −5…
Results are presented on a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material designed for use with C-containing fuels: a composite of an electronically conducting ceramic, an ionically conducting ceramic, (GDC), and a small fraction Ni. These ceramic-based anodes were tested in SOFCs with GDC bulk electrolytes. The anode pe…
Well-ordered nanostructures were produced on industrial aluminum foils by one-, two-, and three-step anodizing processes performed in sulfuric acid at cell potentials between 15 and 25 V. Almost perfect triangular lattices of nanopores were obtained by the two- and three-step anodizing processes. It was found that the…
Environmentally-benign powder impregnation processing is adopted in fabricating bio-composites from chopped natural fibers and powder polypropylene. The surface modifications of natural fibers involving alkali treatment and treatment with maleated polyolefins are found to be very effective in improving fiber-matrix ad…
The perovskite structure of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN) ceramics was stabilized by adding a Ti-rich side tetragonal Pb(Zr0.47Ti0.53)O3 (PZT) across the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The 0.5 PZN–0.5 PZT specimen was found to have a two-phase zone, having a high piezoelectric coefficient, d33 (430 pC/N), an electromecha…
The object of this paper is to present an economic electronic module integrated on an electrolytic capacitor that is able to indicate the moment when it must be changed. First, with a switchmode power supply as an example, the high probability of electrolytic capacitor failure with respect to other power components is…
Polyethylene glycol conjugation or linking with the system is called PEGylation. Many novel drug systems are used for the delivery of drugs and bioactive substances to particular sites in a controlled or sustained manner, but various side effects or shortcomings restrict their use for the intended purpose. The shortco…