Materials Literature
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X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have been performed on samples in the solid solution series (BiFeO3)x–(PbTiO3)1−x in which a morphotropic phase boundary occurs at x≈0.7. BiFeO3 exhibits superlattice reflections at 12{hkl}p positions in some electron diffraction patterns, the distribution of whic…
Here, we show that residual contaminants in purified single-wall carbon nanotube bundles may be responsible for the reported sensitivity of the electronic and transport properties to oxygen. Removal of these contaminants makes the electronic spectra insensitive to O(2), CO, H(2)O, and N(2), while a strong sensitivity…
A systematic method is presented for determining the ground state of absorbed species on a substrate based on a cluster expansion of the configurational energy. It is shown that the method can determine the ground state of a strongly relaxing system using a few first-principles total energy calculations of small cells…
A conceptually novel method has been developed for determining the three-phase contact angle of solid colloid particles adsorbed at the air−water or oil−water interface. The method is applicable for particle diameters ranging from several hundred nanometers to several hundred micrometers. This new “gel trapping techni…
High-quality ZnO rods were formed directly on sapphire (0001) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The rods exhibited free exciton and very sharp bound exciton emissions at low temperatures. By increasing the excitation intensity, biexciton emission was observed. Temperature dependence of the emission…
The large, temperature-independent, low-frequency dielectric constant recently observed in single-crystal CaCu3Ti4O12 is most plausibly interpreted as arising from spatial inhomogenities of its local dielectric response. Probable sources of inhomogeneity are the various domain boundaries endemic in such materials: twi…
An easy and reliable method to extract the crystalline fractions in microcrystalline films is proposed. The method is shown to overcome, in a natural way, the inconsistencies that arise from the regular peak fitting routines. We subtract a scaled Raman spectrum that was obtained from an amorphous silicon film from the…
Nominal ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiMnO}}_{6}$ prepared by solid-state reaction in air in accordance with earlier reports is shown to contain excess oxygen as well as the coexistence of two ferromagnetic phases of comparable Curie temperatures, one monoclinic and the other rhombohedral. As originally predicted, order…
Digital video imaging of the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminium has been performed, which allowed evaluation of both dimensional characteristics of individual microdischarges appearing at the oxide–electrolyte interface and their collective behaviour throughout the oxidation process. It has been shown th…
We report the preparation, structural characterization, and detailed lactide polymerization behavior of a new Zn(II) alkoxide complex, (L(1)ZnOEt)(2) (L(1) = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(2'-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenolate). While an X-ray crystal structure revealed the complex to be dimeric in the solid stat…
Unusually structure-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been attained using a CVD method with a solid supported catalyst. In this method, CO feedstock disproportionates on silica-supported catalytic nanoclusters of Co that are formed in situ from mixed salts of Co and Mo. The nanotube produc…
We present a detailed study of static and dynamic magnetic behavior of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average particle sizes 〈d〉 ranging from 5 to 150 nm. Bulk-like properties such as saturation magnetization, hyperfine parameters, coercive field, and Verwey transition are observed in 150 nm particles. For decreasing partic…
A large body of experimental evidence suggests that the decay of the false vacuum, accompanied by quantum pair creation of soliton domain walls, can occur in a variety of condensed matter systems. Examples include nucleation of charge soliton pairs in density waves (e.g., Miller J H Jr et al 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett . 84…
Abstract The relaxation of liquid‐crystalline polymer (LCP) fibers in the polycarbonate (PC)/LCP blend was examined under various conditions on a hot‐stage microscope. LC5000 is a thermotropic LCP consisting of 80/20 hydroxybenzoic acid and poly(terephthalate). The geometry of the fibers is not an important factor in…
We investigated the translational dynamics of water molecules in the hydrated aluminate and aluminum-ferrite pastes (C 3 A and C 4 AF), two main components of the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), using the incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique. We used a high-resolution disk chopper spectrometer…
Presented here are results of ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT) structural relaxations performed on dehydrogenated and monohydrogenated nanocrystalline diamond structures of octahedral {111} and cuboctahedral morphologies, up to approximately 2 nm in diameter. Our results in this size range show an inward tran…
Visible light reflectivities are measured for graphite and molybdenum tokamak wall tiles as a function of incident angle and wavelength. Using the measured reflectivities together with a ray-tracing routine, estimates of the effect of wall reflections on Dα light measurements in the DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod tokamaks a…
Recently, a new class of active materials, known as ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys, has shown promise as actuator and sensor materials. These alloys, such as Ni2MnGa and Fe3Pd, are ferromagnetic and undergo a reversible diffusionless structural phase transformation giving rise to shape-memory behavior. In order to…
Excitation of a carotenoid (C) porphyrin (P) fullerene (C 60 ) molecular triad yields the porphyrin first excited singlet state, C− 1 P−C 60, which decays via a sequential two-step photoinduced electron-transfer process into a C •+ −P−C 60 •- charge-separated state with a lifetime of 340 ns in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran…
[reaction: see text] By means of a two-layered ONIOM approach, we predict that sidewall epoxidation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with dioxiranes is viable. The SWNT epoxides thus produced could be precursors for further chemical modification of SWNTs, given the abundant and well-established chemistry of o…