Materials Literature
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We use molecular dynamics computer simulations to study the relaxation dynamics of a viscous melt of silica. The coherent and incoherent intermediate scattering functions, F(q,t) and F(s)(q,t), show a crossover from a nearly exponential decay at high temperatures to a two-step relaxation at low temperatures. Close to…
Experimental observations from (sub-)micrometer spheres of silica are compared with the results from conventional MCM-41 material. SEM images give proof of a spherical morphology (see Figure), which is also confirmed by TEM. XRD patterns confirm that on a local scale the pores are hexagonally packed whilst on a larger…
Transparent Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) thin films with over 1 µm thickness were deposited by the aerosol deposition method (ADM). The transparency of the PZT thin film deposited at room temperature strongly depended on the kinds of carrier gases and the particle flow velocity. The color of the film became black if He gas was…
Strain IPT101T, isolated from the soil of a sugar-cane plantation in Brazil, was analysed in a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain produces polyhydroxyalkanoates from sucrose and other carbon sources. Morphological, physiological and biochemical data as well as 16S rDNA, whole-cell protein and fatty acid analyses i…
Summary A new measuring technique based on a capillary rise method has been developed to quantify the wettability of more or less decomposed peats (the main materials used as horticultural growing media) in relation to their water content. A preliminary study of their physico‐chemical and biochemical characteristics e…
Highly syndiotactic “living” poly(propylene)s were synthesized at 25°C using a bis[N-(3-tert-butylsalicylidene)-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroanilinato]titanium (IV) dichloride/MAO catalyst system, and microstructures of the polymer were analyzed by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy. The syndiotactic poly(propylene) contains isobu…
The effect of the Ba/Ti ratio on microstructure, dielectric/ferroelectric properties, and domain width was studied using optical microscopy, ɛ( T ) curves, D – E hysteresis, and transmission electron microscopy. Although Ti‐excess samples showed abnormal grain growth and a decrease of room‐temperature permittivity due…
Piezoelectric properties of potassium niobate (KNbO 3 ) single crystals were investigated as a function of crystallographic orientations, i.e., [110] c of polar direction and [001] c of nonpolar direction. Prior to the piezoelectric measurements, the optimum conditions for a conventional poling method were investigate…
The microstructural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 –NaNbO 3 and (K 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 –KNbO 3 systems were studied in order to find new lead-free piezoelectric ceramic materials. In the (1- X ) (K 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 –( X ) KNbO 3 system, it was confirmed from the measurements of th…
A phenomenological theory of the martensitic fcc-hcp transformation is proposed and applied to the illustrative example of cobalt. The fcc and hcp structures are shown to result from different ordering mechanisms from a disordered polytypic structure and to be intrinsically faulted. The three, fcc, hcp, and disordered…
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We discuss the possibility of realizing quantum computation on the basis of a cluster of single interacting nuclear spins in solids. This idea seems to be feasible because of the combination of two techniques—Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Optically Detected Electron Nuclear Double Resonance. Compared to the well-kn…
ABSTRACT: The effects of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of edible films against Listeria monocytogenes strain V7 by various nisin concentrations (4.0 ‐ 160 IU/film disk) and pH values ranging from 2.0 to 8.0 were determined and the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of films prepared with or without nis…
Single crystals of lead-free piezoelectric material x (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 – y BaTiO 3 (NBBT 100 x /100 y ) have been successfully grown by the flux method and the Bridgman method. Using the flux method, crystals having an edge length of 2–8 mm were obtained using Bi 2 O 3 flux with cooling from 1350°C to 800°C at a…
A novel type of hydrolase was purified from culture fluid of Paucimonas (formerly Pseudomonas) lemoignei. Biochemical characterization revealed an unusual substrate specificity of the purified enzyme for amorphous poly((R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) such as native granules of natural poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)…
Raman spectra of Bi 4- x La x Ti 3 O 12 have been investigated. For an increasing degree of La doping, we find a substantial hardening of the vibration involving Bi atoms at the perovskite A site, whereas the Bi mode at the Bi 2 O 2 layer is negligibly changed. From a comparison with a simple mass consideration, we id…
We report the energy-transfer mechanisms and emission quantum yield measurements of sol−gel-derived Eu 3+ -based nanohybrids. The matrix of these materials, classified as diureasils and termed U(2000) and U(600), includes urea cross-links between a siliceous backbone and polyether-based segments of two molecular weigh…
An array of single crystal CdS nanowires has been fabricated in the pores of an alumina membrane by sol–gel synthesis. The CdS crystals have a hexagonal structure, which is verified by electron diffraction. As CdS is an important semiconducting material this synthesis may prove very useful for the fabrication of nanos…
The results of the electrical conductivity and Raman scattering measurements of CeO 2 thin films obtained by a polymeric precursor spin‐coating technique are presented. The electrical conductivity has been studied as a function of temperature and oxygen activity and correlated with the grain size. When compared with m…
Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films were fabricated using dc magnetron reactive sputter deposition of an In 10 wt. % Sn alloy target in an Ar and O2 gas mixture. To understand the relationship between the electrical properties of ITO films and O2 partial pressure, the resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility, fi…